PSIKOLOGI PERKEMBANGAN MANUSIA

1. PSIKOLOGI PERKEMBANGAN MANUSIA Eko Handayani, M.Psi ani-stikim-06

2. Metode dalam Penelitian Psikologi Perkembangan • Dua metoda dalam riset tentang perkembangan manusia: • Riset kuantitatif • Riset kualitatif • Riset kualitatif mengalami peningkatan dalam penelitian perkembangan (Parke, 2004 dalam Papalia, Olds, & Feldman, 2007) ani-stikim-06

3. Pengumpulan Data dalam Penelitian Psikologi Perkembangan • Self-report: diaries, interviews, questionnaires • Naturalistic and laboratory observation Behavioral and performance measures ani-stikim-06

4. Disain Penelitian Dasar dalam Penelitian Psikologi Perkembangan • Studi kasus • Studi etnografis • Studi korelasional • Eksperimen ani-stikim-06

5. Disain Penelitian dalam Penelitian Psikologi Perkembangan • Longitudinal studies • Meneliti orang atau kelompok yang sama lebih dari satu kali, kadang-kadang selama bertahun-tahun • Menyatakan bagaimana orang berubah atau tetap sama sejalan dengan pertambahan usia • Mengukur karakteristik tunggal • Cross-sectional studies • Orang-orang yang berbeda usia dinilai dalam satu waktu • Menunjukkan kemiripan dan perbedaan antarkelompok usia ani-stikim-06

6. Skinner Piaget Erikson Kohlberg Freuds Bandura Vygotsky TOKOH DAN TEORIPSIKOLOGI PERKEMBANGAN ani-stikim-06

7. Piaget Erikson Freuds Vygotsky TEORI PSIKOLOGI PERKEMBANGAN • Psychoanalytic Freud psychosexual theory Erikson’s psychosocial theory • Cognitive Piaget’s cognitive stage theory Information processing theory • Contextual Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory, ani-stikim-06

8. Oral 12 – 18 bulan Anal 1 ½ - 3 tahun Phallic 3 – 6 tahun Laten Freuds 6 – puber Genital Setelah puber PSIKOANALISADevelopment of Personality ani-stikim-06

9. Erikson PSIKOSOSIAL “Humans have the potential to solve their own conflicts and anxieties as they develop” ani-stikim-06

10. VIII V I II II VII VI IV Adolescence Young Adulthood Infancy Middle Adulthood MiddleChildhood Toddlerhood Late Adulthood Early Childhood Intimacy vs Isolation Generativity vs Stagnation Autonomy vs Shame & Doubt Integrity vs Despair Industry vs Inferiority Initiative vs Guilt Trust vs Mistrust Identitiy vs Identity Confusion PSIKOSOSIALPsychosocial Stages Each stage consists of a unique developmental task that confronts the individual with a crisis that must be faced ani-stikim-06

11. Piaget COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENTStages of Cognitive Development 11 – 15 tahun Formal Operational stage 7 – 11 tahun Concrete Operational stage 2 – 7 tahun Preoperational stage 0 – 2 tahun Sensorimotor stage ani-stikim-06

12. Vygotsky CONTEXTUALISTMain Concept “Learning is cognitive development through social interaction” ani-stikim-06

13. Bandura SOCIAL LEARNING THEORYMain Concept ani-stikim-06

14. Skinner BEHAVIORISMMain Concept Operant Conditioning Punishment Reinforcement ani-stikim-06

15. Kohlberg MORAL DEVELOPMENTMain Concept Heinz Steals the Drug In Europe, a woman was near death from a special kind of cancer. There was one drug that the doctors thought might save her. It was a form of radium that a druggist in the same town had recently discovered. The drug was expensive to make, but the druggist was charging ten times what the drug cost him to make. He paid $200 for the radium and charged $2,000 for a small dose of the drug. The sick woman's husband, Heinz, went to everyone he knew to borrow the money, but he could only get together about $ 1,000 which is half of what it cost. He told the druggist that his wife was dying and asked him to sell it cheaper or let him pay later. But the druggist said: "No, I discovered the drug and I'm going to make money from it." So Heinz got desperate and broke into the man's store to steal the drug-for his wife. Should the husband have done that? (Kohlberg, 1963, p. 19) ani-stikim-06

16. Kohlberg MORAL DEVELOPMENTMoral Stages PRE CONVENTIONAL I. OBEDIENCE AND PUNISHMENT II. INDIVIDUALISM, INSTRUMENTALISM & EXCHANGE CONVENTIONAL III. “GOOD BOY / GIRL” IV. LAW & ORDER POST CONVENTIONAL V. SOCIAL CONTRACT VI. PRINCIPLED CONSCIENCE ani-stikim-06

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