Ambassador Luis CdeBaca

1. Ambassador Luis CdeBacaOffice to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons (G/TIP)August 4, 2009

2. Since the late 1990�s, this issue has received consistent support from the White House and bipartisan backing from Congress. President Obama has made tackling this issue a top priority. Since the late 1990�s, this issue has received consistent support from the White House and bipartisan backing from Congress. President Obama has made tackling this issue a top priority.

3. This includes strong leadership from the Secretary of State who as First Lady was a pioneer on this issue, and then as U.S. Senator was a active supporter of our office. This includes strong leadership from the Secretary of State who as First Lady was a pioneer on this issue, and then as U.S. Senator was a active supporter of our office.

4. CRIMINAL ACTIVITY RELATED TO TRAFFICKINGA Plethora of Predicates As the Secretary stated, human trafficking is a multi-dimensional threat to our national security that undermines the rule of law, is a risk to global health, and fuels a host of related illicit criminal activity.As the Secretary stated, human trafficking is a multi-dimensional threat to our national security that undermines the rule of law, is a risk to global health, and fuels a host of related illicit criminal activity.

5. Human Trafficking as defined by the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 Sex trafficking in which a commercial sex act is induced by force, fraud, or coercion, or in which the person induced to perform such an act has not attained 18 years of age; OR The recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for labor or services, through the use of force, fraud, or coercion for the purpose of subjection to involuntary servitude, peonage, debt bondage, or slavery. Two kinds of trafficking: sex and forced labor In 2000, the U.S. Congress passed, and the President signed, the Trafficking Victims Protection Act, legislation which legally defines �severe forms of human trafficking in persons� as involving �force, fraud, or coercion�. Trafficking involves extreme exploitation and control. Movement is not required. Federal interest: 13th Amdt. prohibition of slavery and involuntary servitude Two kinds of trafficking: sex and forced labor In 2000, the U.S. Congress passed, and the President signed, the Trafficking Victims Protection Act, legislation which legally defines �severe forms of human trafficking in persons� as involving �force, fraud, or coercion�. Trafficking involves extreme exploitation and control. Movement is not required. Federal interest: 13th Amdt. prohibition of slavery and involuntary servitude

6. A Global Problem ILO estimates 12.3 million persons living in slavery Hundreds of thousands trafficked across borders ILO reports that migrants lose more than $20 billion through the coercion by traffickers Why trafficking thrives Social and economic marginalization Political and economic instability Demand for cheap labor High profits and low risk Official corruption Globalization of trade Weak visa and border controls TIP is a global problem affecting nearly every country in the world, including the U.S. The figures vary given the hidden nature of the crime, anywhere from 4 million to 27 million But there are some key factors that contribute to the problem Social and economic marginalization Political and economic instability Demand for cheap labor High profits and low risk Official corruption Globalization of trade Weak visa and border controls TIP is a global problem affecting nearly every country in the world, including the U.S. The figures vary given the hidden nature of the crime, anywhere from 4 million to 27 million But there are some key factors that contribute to the problem Social and economic marginalization Political and economic instability Demand for cheap labor High profits and low risk Official corruption Globalization of trade Weak visa and border controls

7. The Many Forms of Human Trafficking Commercial Sexual Exploitation, including prostitution of children Forced or Bonded Labor Involuntary Domestic Servitude Child Soldiers Common Sectors of Compelled Service Forced Prostitution � Aliens or US Citizens Child Prostitution Nannies/Housekeepers Farm workers Factory/Garment Workers There are many forms of human trafficking: Commercial sexual exploitation, including prostitution of children Forced or bonded labor Involuntary domestic servitude Child Soldiers Common Sectors of Compelled Service Forced Prostitution � Aliens or US Citizens Child Prostitution Nannies/Housekeepers Farm workers Factory/Garment WorkersThere are many forms of human trafficking: Commercial sexual exploitation, including prostitution of children Forced or bonded labor Involuntary domestic servitude Child Soldiers Common Sectors of Compelled Service Forced Prostitution � Aliens or US Citizens Child Prostitution Nannies/Housekeepers Farm workers Factory/Garment Workers

8. What Does the Department of State Do to Combat Human Trafficking? Produce the annual Trafficking in Persons Report Encourage cooperation through face-to-face diplomacy Fund and monitor anti-human trafficking programs Engage in public diplomacy and raise public awareness Chair the President�s Interagency Task Force on Human Trafficking What does the Department of State do to combat human trafficking? Produce the annual Trafficking in Persons Report (released every June). Encourage cooperation through face to face diplomacy. Fund and monitor anti-human trafficking programs. Engage in public diplomacy and raise public awareness. This includes in multi-lateral fora. Chair the President�s Interagency Task Force on to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, and the Senior Policy Operating Group which reports to the Task Force. They bring together over ten different agencies, including DOD, within the U.S. government that work on this issue.What does the Department of State do to combat human trafficking? Produce the annual Trafficking in Persons Report (released every June). Encourage cooperation through face to face diplomacy. Fund and monitor anti-human trafficking programs. Engage in public diplomacy and raise public awareness. This includes in multi-lateral fora. Chair the President�s Interagency Task Force on to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, and the Senior Policy Operating Group which reports to the Task Force. They bring together over ten different agencies, including DOD, within the U.S. government that work on this issue.

9. Three �P� Approach Prosecution: - Prosecute traffickers - Pass anti-trafficking legislation Protection: - Identify victims and protect them - Assist victims - Encourage government-NGO cooperation Prevention: - Public awareness - Training police, first-responders - Discourage demand An effective anti-trafficking strategy must encompass the three P�s: prosecution, protection, and prevention. Prosecution Includes: Prosecuting traffickers (real jail time) Passing anti-trafficking legislation (both sex and forced labor) Protection Includes: Identifying victims and protecting them (victim centered approach) Assisting victims Encouraging government-NGO cooperation Prevention Includes: Public awareness Training police, first-responders Discouraging demand An effective anti-trafficking strategy must encompass the three P�s: prosecution, protection, and prevention. Prosecution Includes: Prosecuting traffickers (real jail time) Passing anti-trafficking legislation (both sex and forced labor) Protection Includes: Identifying victims and protecting them (victim centered approach) Assisting victims Encouraging government-NGO cooperation Prevention Includes: Public awareness Training police, first-responders Discouraging demand

10. Tier Rankings on Foreign Government Efforts to Combat Human Trafficking The annual TIP report spells out what countries are doing on the 3 P�s. Countries are ranked into �tiers� based on efforts to implement the three �P� approach for the elimination of human trafficking. Unlike other reports produced by the DOS, our report gives countries a grade on their efforts to meet the minimum standards (of which there are now 11 indicia) Many of you may be aware of the issue of UN peacekeeping forces engaging in sexual exploitation and abuse. Beginning last year, failure to vigorously investigate and prosecute those who may have engaged in trafficking as part of a peacekeeping mission adversely affected a country�s assessment. We�ve seen a steady decline in the number of allegations against UN peacekeeping personnel from 357 in 2006, to 127 in 2007, to 83 this past year. The annual TIP report spells out what countries are doing on the 3 P�s. Countries are ranked into �tiers� based on efforts to implement the three �P� approach for the elimination of human trafficking. Unlike other reports produced by the DOS, our report gives countries a grade on their efforts to meet the minimum standards (of which there are now 11 indicia) Many of you may be aware of the issue of UN peacekeeping forces engaging in sexual exploitation and abuse. Beginning last year, failure to vigorously investigate and prosecute those who may have engaged in trafficking as part of a peacekeeping mission adversely affected a country�s assessment. We�ve seen a steady decline in the number of allegations against UN peacekeeping personnel from 357 in 2006, to 127 in 2007, to 83 this past year.

11. This year�s release of the TIP Report highlighted new trends and a new way of thinking to address the problem, both at home and abroad, to include new partnerships. I recommend each of you takes a look at the Report and uses it as a reference. Particularly, the Introduction of our Report which gives you an overview of the problem and highlights emerging trends around the world. Additionally, I suggest taking a look at the narrative of the country you may be stationed in. It will give you a sense of what, if anything, that foreign government is doing and what kinds of specific forms of TIP we are seeing in that country. This year�s release of the TIP Report highlighted new trends and a new way of thinking to address the problem, both at home and abroad, to include new partnerships. I recommend each of you takes a look at the Report and uses it as a reference. Particularly, the Introduction of our Report which gives you an overview of the problem and highlights emerging trends around the world. Additionally, I suggest taking a look at the narrative of the country you may be stationed in. It will give you a sense of what, if anything, that foreign government is doing and what kinds of specific forms of TIP we are seeing in that country.

12. Coercion in a Time of Economic Crisis Global financial crisis Declining global demand for labor Growing supply of migrant labor Increase in human trafficking The past year, marked by the onset of a global financial crisis, has raised the specter of increased human trafficking around the world. Two concurrent trends � a shrinking global demand for labor and a growing supply of workers willing to take ever greater risks for economic opportunities � seem a recipe for greater forced labor of migrant workers and commercial sexual exploitation of women in prostitution. While we must always be attentive to the existence of trafficking around us, the economic desperation felt by many during a time of financial crisis may make the problem more acute. We should be aware of this fact. The past year, marked by the onset of a global financial crisis, has raised the specter of increased human trafficking around the world. Two concurrent trends � a shrinking global demand for labor and a growing supply of workers willing to take ever greater risks for economic opportunities � seem a recipe for greater forced labor of migrant workers and commercial sexual exploitation of women in prostitution. While we must always be attentive to the existence of trafficking around us, the economic desperation felt by many during a time of financial crisis may make the problem more acute. We should be aware of this fact.

13. What We Do at Home as an Example for What we Say Abroad [HOLD UP DOJ Report] This year we released the annual AG Report to Congress at the same time as our annual TIP Report. It is a comprehensive assessment of everything the USG, including DOD, is doing at home to combat trafficking in persons. It includes recommendation on how we can do better. This year�s recommendations included: - Increased efficacy and coordination between all task forces and offices working on TIP - Enhanced recognition of and ability to serve the needs of trafficking victims, foreign and AmCit - Expand trafficking research and data collection Next year the TIP Report for the first time will include a Tier ranking of the United States along with a supporting assessing of USG anti-trafficking efforts at home.� This tier ranking and supporting assessment announced by Secretary Clinton will be compiled by the State Department in coordination with other USG agencies involved in anti-trafficking efforts �e.g., DOJ, DHS, HHS, DOD.� [HOLD UP DOJ Report] This year we released the annual AG Report to Congress at the same time as our annual TIP Report. It is a comprehensive assessment of everything the USG, including DOD, is doing at home to combat trafficking in persons. It includes recommendation on how we can do better. This year�s recommendations included: - Increased efficacy and coordination between all task forces and offices working on TIP - Enhanced recognition of and ability to serve the needs of trafficking victims, foreign and AmCit - Expand trafficking research and data collection Next year the TIP Report for the first time will include a Tier ranking of the United States along with a supporting assessing of USG anti-trafficking efforts at home.� This tier ranking and supporting assessment announced by Secretary Clinton will be compiled by the State Department in coordination with other USG agencies involved in anti-trafficking efforts �e.g., DOJ, DHS, HHS, DOD.�

14. Secretary Clinton stated at this year�s release of the TIP Report and in an Op-Ed in the Washington Post that its time to add a fourth P to our anti-trafficking paradigm: partnership We�re looking for new and more effective ways to take on the scourge of human trafficking. And that requires us to work together. Whether its law enforcement and NGOs, interagency, or with foreign governments. To fight modern day slavery, we need everyone to do their part. That�s why I am here today. Yesterday I participated in a Department of Education conference. Today I am pleased to be here with my DOD colleagues. While each of our interagency partners is important, you play a unique role in this fight. Secretary Clinton stated at this year�s release of the TIP Report and in an Op-Ed in the Washington Post that its time to add a fourth P to our anti-trafficking paradigm: partnership We�re looking for new and more effective ways to take on the scourge of human trafficking. And that requires us to work together. Whether its law enforcement and NGOs, interagency, or with foreign governments. To fight modern day slavery, we need everyone to do their part. That�s why I am here today. Yesterday I participated in a Department of Education conference. Today I am pleased to be here with my DOD colleagues. While each of our interagency partners is important, you play a unique role in this fight.

15. First, like those of us in the State Department, many of you have responsibilities that take you to Posts all over the world. Your work has a global reach in addition to its domestic presence. DoD is an important partner to help raise awareness, identify trafficking, and take action. U.S. service members may see people exploited against their will in bars and strip clubs, in labor contracts globally, or in private homes as domestic servants. There are many tools at your disposal to educate and take action: On the my office�s Web site: www.state.gov/g/tip there are links on trafficking in persons awareness programs and global TIP hotlines to report trafficking victims. The DoD Inspector General�s Office has a hotline where personnel can report potential human trafficking. You also have some great tools at your disposal, such as the Uniform Code of Military Justice, that outlines clear rules on DoD�s zero tolerance policy on contributing to sex trafficking and commercial sexual exploitation. First, like those of us in the State Department, many of you have responsibilities that take you to Posts all over the world. Your work has a global reach in addition to its domestic presence. DoD is an important partner to help raise awareness, identify trafficking, and take action. U.S. service members may see people exploited against their will in bars and strip clubs, in labor contracts globally, or in private homes as domestic servants. There are many tools at your disposal to educate and take action: On the my office�s Web site: www.state.gov/g/tip there are links on trafficking in persons awareness programs and global TIP hotlines to report trafficking victims. The DoD Inspector General�s Office has a hotline where personnel can report potential human trafficking. You also have some great tools at your disposal, such as the Uniform Code of Military Justice, that outlines clear rules on DoD�s zero tolerance policy on contributing to sex trafficking and commercial sexual exploitation.

16. Questions? I want to thank the Department of Defense for its continued partnership to end human trafficking. Whenever I travel abroad, I highlight U.S. best practices including DoD�s mandatory anti-trafficking training for all U.S. service members. I look forward to partnering with you to raise public awareness overseas, to report incidences of potential trafficking, and to ensure that we aren�t contributing to the problem but are part of the solution. Thank you again for your work on this issue. I welcome your questions. I want to thank the Department of Defense for its continued partnership to end human trafficking. Whenever I travel abroad, I highlight U.S. best practices including DoD�s mandatory anti-trafficking training for all U.S. service members. I look forward to partnering with you to raise public awareness overseas, to report incidences of potential trafficking, and to ensure that we aren�t contributing to the problem but are part of the solution. Thank you again for your work on this issue. I welcome your questions.