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Dominant

Dominant. An allele that masks the presence of another allele Ex. Aa is a heterozygous dominant genotype Ex. AA is a homozygous dominant genotype “A” is the dominant allele and “a” is the recessive allele. Recessive. An allele that is dominated by the other, over expressed by another

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Dominant

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  1. Dominant

  2. An allele that masks the presence of another allele Ex. Aa is a heterozygous dominant genotype Ex. AA is a homozygous dominant genotype “A” is the dominant allele and “a” is the recessive allele

  3. Recessive

  4. An allele that is dominated by the other, over expressed by another ex. aa is recessive • “A” is the dominant allele and “a” is the recessive allele

  5. Phenotype

  6. Different phenotypes of the shells The external appearance of an organism that is determined by the individual genotype

  7. Genotype

  8. The pair of alleles that determine a specific trait. Ex: In Aa, the allelles are A and a

  9. Punnett Square

  10. AA aa A model used to establish the probabilities of the results of a genetic cross

  11. Homozygous

  12. Referring to a gene pair in which the two alleles code for the same trait “Homo” means “same” AA or aa are homozygous genotypes

  13. Heterozygous

  14. Referring to a gene par in which the two alleles do not code for the same trait, two different alleles “Hetero” means “different” Ex: Aa is a heterozygous genotype

  15. Alleles

  16. Alternative form of a gene, there are two Dominant A Recessive a

  17. Monohybrid Cross

  18. A cross between individual that involves one pair of contrasting traits

  19. Practice problem If a person is homozygous dominant for Brown eyes and marries someone who recessive for Blue eyes, can they have a blue eyed child? What % will be heterozygous brown?

  20. Person 1: BB= homozygous brown Person 2: bb= recessive for blue BB x bb B B b Bb Bb b Bb Bb • No blue eyes childern, 100% heterozygous brown * O will be homozygous brown

  21. Dihybrid Cross

  22. A cross between individuals that involves the pairing of contrasting traits, two sets of alleles.

  23. Practice Problem If a Tall (TT) Green(GG) pea plant is crossed with a Short(tt) yellow(gg) plant, What portion of the offspring will be tall and yellow?

  24. TTGG crossed with ttgg is a dihybrid cross( 4 x 4 square) TG TG TG TG tg tg tg ALL will be TtGg, Tall and Green tg

  25. Sex Linked

  26. XHY male with trait XHXHfemale without trait XhY male without trait XHXhfemale without trait carrier XhXhfemale without trait carrier A trait carried on only the x chromosomes

  27. Incomplete Dominance

  28. If this was not an incomplete Trait, there would have been 3 tall and 1 short The inheritance relationship that occurs when both alleles influence the phenotype

  29. Codominance

  30. When neither of two alleles of the same gene totally masks the other, they are both expressed at the same time. • More than one dominant allele RR= Red flower rr= White flower Rr= Red and White flower

  31. Polygenic

  32. A trait controlled by multiple genes Ex: eye color. There is not one gene that determines eye color, but several.

  33. Multiple alleles

  34. AA= type A BB= type B OO=Type O recessive AB = Type AB (both are dominant • When more than alleles code for one trait Ex: Blood types Alleles are A, B , and o Three alleles

  35. Pedigree

  36. A diagram of the genetic history of an individual, a family tree

  37. Practice Pedigree What genotype must I-I and I-2 be? Why? I Aa Aa II aa Aa or AA Aa aa Why do the parents 1-I and 1-2 not have the disorder, but two children do? III Aa aa

  38. Biotechnology

  39. Technology used to manipulate DNA, proteins,RNA and such. EX: cloning, DNA fingerprinting, DNA and protein sequencing.

  40. Gene Splicing

  41. Splicing of two genetic codes Taking a piece of DNA and moving it, removing it, or replacing it.

  42. Electrophoresis

  43. Using electricity to separate DNA on an agarose gel. DNA can be visualized a a set of bands that were cut by enzymes. DNA is “cut” with enzymes to produce fragments. The band run through the getl according to size. Small bands travel faster than larger ones.

  44. Cloning

  45. Process of removing DNA from one organism and putting it into another. EX: the gene for insulin is removed from a pig or human and inserted into E.coli bacteria. The E. coli then produce the insulin that is purified , bottled, and distributed to people in need. The insulin was “cloned”

  46. Genetic engineering

  47. A form of applied genetics in which scientists directly manipulate genes

  48. DNA Fingerprinting

  49. A pattern of bands made up of specific fragments from a individual's DNA. The bands are produced by putting enzymes or “moleculer scissors” in with the DNA. These enzymes cut the DNA at specific sequences producing smaller fragments. These fragments can be visulaized by DNA electrophoresis. http://www.biotech.iastate.edu/biotech_info_series/bio6.html

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