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3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4

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3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4

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    1. ??? ?? ?? 3.1 ?? 3.2 ???? 3.3 ??????? 3.4 ?????

    2. ?? ??????????????,??????????,?????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????,??????????,??????????????????,?????????,????????

    3. ??(?) ?????: 1.????????????(??????)? 2.??????????????? ? 3.????????????? 4.??????????,??????????????????????,????? 5.???????,??????????

    4. ??(?) ?????: 1.??????????????????????????,???????????????????????? 2.???????????,???????????????????????????,???????????

    5. ??(?) 3.?????????????,???????,????????????,?????????,??????? 4.????????????????????,?????????,???????,???????????????,?????????????

    6. ??(?) ???????????,????????????? ?????(Traditional casting process)????????(Sand casting process) ????? (Contemporary casting processes)??????????????????????????

    7. ??(?) ?????????: 1.????(Pattern)???(Casting mold) ????????,???????????????,??????????,????????? ??????????????????????????? ?????????????????,?????????

    8. ??(?) 2.??(Melting)???(Pouring) ????(????????)??????????????? ???????,????????? ??????????????????????????

    9. ??(?) 3.??(Solidification)???(Casting) ???: ?????????,???????? ???????????????????,?????,????? ?????????????????????,????????(Ejector)??????

    10. ??(?) 4.??(Fettling)???(Inspection) ?????,????????????????????,?????????????,???????? ???????,?????????????????????,????????????

    11. 3.1 ?? ??(Pattern)?????????,???????????,????????????? ????????????????????????????,??????????????????????????,??????????????????

    12. 3.1 ??(?) 3.1.1 ????: 1.????(Shrinkage allowance) ???????????????????,????????????????? ?????,????????????????????,????????

    13. 3.1 ??(?) 2.????(Draft taper) ??????????,????????????????????,??????????????????,?????????????? ????????????????,????????????,???????,???????????,??????????

    14. 3.1 ??(?) 3.????(Shake allowance) ?????,????????????,??????,????????????????????,????????? ????????????,???????????????????,????????

    15. 3.1 ??(?) 4.????(Finish allowance) ???????????????????????????,???????????????????????,???????? ???????????????????? 5.????(Distorsion allowance) ?????????,??????????????,???????????????????,????????

    16. 3.1 ??(?) 3.1.2 ???? ????????????????? ????? ?????????????????? ????????,???????,??????????????????????? ??????????????,?????????????,???????,?????????????

    17. 3.1 ??(?) ???? ??????????????? ????????????? ????????: 1.?? ????,????????,?????????? ????????,??????????

    18. 3.1 ??(?) 2.?? ??????????????,??????????????? ???????????,????,??????,??????? 3.? ?????,??????,????????????,????????,???????? ?????????????

    19. 3.1 ??(?) ?????????????,?????,??????????????????? 4.???? ?????,???????(Expanded polystyrene, EPS),??????????? ????????????????????????? ????????,???????,???????,?????????,????????

    20. 3.1 ??(?) 3.1.3 ???? ???????????????????????????????? ??????: 1.????(Solid pattern) ???????(One piece pattern),??3.1???

    21. 3.1 ??(?) ?????????? ????????????,??????????? ????????????,?????????????

    22. 3.1 ??(?) 2.????(Split pattern) ?????????3.2??? ??????????????????????,?????????,???????????,??????????????????

    23. 3.1 ??(?) 3.????(Loose piece pattern) ???????(Composited pattern)? ???????????,?????????????,????????? ????????,??????,??????,???????????? ???3.3????????????????????

    24. 3.1 ??(?)

    25. 3.1 ??(?) 4.????(Match plate pattern) ?????????????????,?????????(?????)?????????,??3.4??? ????????????,????????????????

    26. 3.1 ??(?) 5.????(Gated pattern) ???????,??????,?????????????(Runner)?????????????,??3.5???

    27. 3.1 ??(?) 6.????(Follow board pattern) ???????????????,?????????????,?????????????????????????,??3.6???

    28. 3.1 ??(?) 7.????(Sweep pattern) ????????????,????3.7?????,????????????????????? ????????????????

    29. 3.1 ??(?) 8.????(Skeleton pattern) ????????????????,??????????????,??????????????,??3.8???

    30. 3.1 ??(?) 3.1.4 ????(Gating system) ??????????????????????????? ????????????????,??3.9??? ???????????????????????????????????,???????????????

    31. 3.1 ??(?)

    32. 3.1 ??(?) 1.??(Pouring basin) ????(Gates)????????????? ??: ????????????,????????? ???????????????? ??????????????????? ??(Sprue)?????????????,??????????,??????????????????

    33. 3.1 ??(?) 2.??(Runner) ?????(Runner),???????????????? ??(Gate)???????????? ??????????????????????????????????????

    34. 3.1 ??(?) 3.??(Riser ) ???????????? ??: ????????????????????,?????????????????????

    35. 3.2 ???? ??(Mold)??????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????,??????????????????(Sand mold),??3.10??? ???????????????????,????????????????

    36. 3.2 ????(?) ????????????,??????????????,???????????????????????????????????????????????,???????????

    37. 3.2 ????(?) 3.2.1 ??(Molding sand) ???????????????,???????????????? ????(??????????)? ??????(????????????) ????(???????????????)? ??????(????????????????)?????

    38. 3.2 ????(?) ????????????: 1.???(Permeability) ???????????,??????????????????? ?????????,??????????,???????????????? 2.??(Strength) ??????????,????????,?????????????????????????

    39. 3.2 ????(?) 3.???(Refractoriness) ????????????????????,????????????? 4.???(Fineness ) ??????????????,????????????????????????????????? 5.???(Collapsibility) ????????,??????????????????????

    40. 3.2 ????(?) ?????????????,??????????: 1.??????: ????????????,???????????? ?50?????????????????,???????,????????????

    41. 3.2 ????(?) 2.??????: ????????,??????????????? ???????50?,??475cc?????25cc???????,????????5??,???????,???10???,????,??????????????,?????50??????,??????,??????????

    42. 3.2 ????(?) 3.????: ?????????????????????? ????????????????,???11?????????????????(AFS)????????????????

    43. 3.2 ????(?) 4.?????: ??????????????????????????? ?????10g/cm˛,?????5.08cm,???20.268cm˛?,?????????,?????????

    44. 3.2 ????(?) 5.????: ???????????????????????? ???????????????,???????????????????? 6.????: ???????????????????????????????? ????????,?????,??????????????

    45. 3.2 ????(?) 3.3.2 ???? ??????????????????: 1.???(Green sand mold) ?????????????????????????,?????????????? ?????,????????????? ?????,?????,???????? ????????????????,????????????

    46. 3.2 ????(?) 2.???(Skin-dried mold) ???????? : ???????????????,??????????,????????? ?????????,?????????????,????????????????? 3.???(Dry sand mold) ??????????????,??????????,????????????????????

    47. 3.2 ????(?) 4.???(Loam mold) ????????????????????,????????????????????,??????????? 5.???(Furan mold) ?????????????????????? ??????????????????????,???????????????????????????

    48. 3.2 ????(?) 6.????? ??????????????? ??????????,???????????????,????????????

    49. 3.2 ????(?) 3.2.3 ?? ??????,????????,??????(Core),??????????????? ??????????????? : ???: ???????,????????????? ???: ??????,?????????????

    50. 3.2 ????(?) ??????????: 1.??????: ????????????,???????????,??????????? 2.??????: ????????,????????,??????????????,???????????

    51. 3.2 ????(?) 3.??? ????????????,?????????????????,?????????? ????????????(Core box),??????????,???????? ??????????????????,?????????????? ?????????,??????????

    52. 3.2 ????(?) 3.2.4 ????(Mold making process) ??????????: 1.????(Hand molding) ????????????????????? ???????????????????,??????????

    53. 3.2 ????(?) 2.????(Machine molding) ???????????,???????,????,???????? ????????: (1)???(Jolting) ???????,??????????????????,???????????????????

    54. 3.2 ????(?) (2)???(Squeezing) ???????????????????? ????????????????????? (3)???(Sand slinging) ?????????????,??????????,????????????????

    55. 3.2 ????(?) ????????????????,????: 1.?????????????(Mold board)?,?????????????? 2.???????,???,???????,??3.11(a)??? 3.???(Bottom board) A???,??????180?,??????,??3.11(b)???

    56. 3.2 ????(?) 4.???????????,??????????????????????????????????????? 5.??????,???,?????????????,?????????,????,??3.11(c)???

    57. 3.2 ????(?)

    58. 3.2 ????(?) 6.??????,???B???????????????180???????? 7.??????????????,????????? 8.?????,?????????????????????????,?????????,??3.11(d)??3.11(e)???

    59. 3.2 ????(?) 9.??????????,?????,????????????????,????????,????? 10.????????????????,??3.11(f)???

    60. 3.2 ????(?)

    61. 3.3 ??????? 3.3.1 ??(Melting) ???????,??????????? ??????????????,?????????????????? ??????,???????????????? ???????????????,??????????????(??)?????

    62. 3.3 ??????? ??????????,????????,????????,??????????????? ????????????????,???????????????????

    63. 3.3 ???????(?) 3.3.2 ??(Pouring) ?????????????(Ladle)??,???????????????????,????? ??????????,????????? ?????????? ??????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????,??????????

    64. 3.3 ???????(?) ???????????????,?????????????????????? ?????????????????????? 1.???? ??????????? ????????,????????????,?????,???????????

    65. 3.3 ???????(?) ????????,??????????,?????????????????,????????????????? ????????????,???1300°C???1450°C???1180°C? ???700°C??

    66. 3.3 ???????(?) 2.???? ????????? ???????,???????????????????????? ??????????,??????????????,???????,??????????

    67. 3.3 ???????(?) 3.3.3 ??(Solidification) ???????????????????????,????????????????? ??????????????,?????????????,??????????????? ????????1000°C????????1%? ????????????????????,?????????????????????????????????

    68. 3.3 ???????(?) 3.3.4 ???????? ?????,????????????????????,??????????????????? ?????????,??????????,???????????,???????????????????????????????????

    69. 3.3 ???????(?) ????????????,?????????? ??????????????????????????? ???????????,???????????15%?25%?

    70. 3.3 ???????(?) ?????????: 1.???? ???????????????????????????????????????????????? 2.???? ??????,????????????????????????

    71. 3.3 ???????(?) 3.????? ??????????????????????? ? 4.??????? ?????????????????? ???????????,???????,???????????,????????????????????????,

    72. 3.3 ???????(?) 5.?????? ?????????????????????? ?????????,????????????????,?????????????????????,?????????? ?3.12??????????

    73. 3.3 ???????(?)

    74. 3.3 ???????(?) 3.3.5 ???????? ??????,??????????,?????,???????? ???????????? 1.??(Gas hole) ?????:???????????,????????????????,??????????????

    75. 3.3 ???????(?) 2.??(Shrinkage cavity) ???????????????????? ????:??????????,???????????,?????????? 3.??(Inclusions) ?????????????????? ?????????????????????????????

    76. 3.3 ???????(?) 4.?????(Rough surface) ????????,????????????????????????????????,????????????????

    77. 3.3 ???????(?) 5.??(Distorsion) ????????????????????????,??????????,???????,???????????????????????????? ???????????????,???????????????????,?????????????????????

    78. 3.3 ???????(?) 6.??(Segregation) ??????????????? ????????????????,????????????? ?????????????????

    79. 3.4 ????? 3.4.1 ?????(Gravity casting) ???????????????????? ? ?????????????,????????? ??????????,???????? ???????????????????????

    80. 3.4 ?????(?) ????????: 1.???????,?????????,?????,????????????? 2.??????,??????,???????????????? 3.????????,????????,??????,??????????? 4.???????????

    81. 3.4 ?????(?) ????????: 1.????????????,???????,???????? 2.???????,????????????????????????,?????????,???????????????

    82. 3.4 ?????(?) 3.4.2 ???(Die casting) ????????????????????????????????,?????????????,???????? ??????: 1.??????,????,????????????????

    83. 3.4 ?????(?) 2.?????????????? 3.?????,???????,???????? 4.??????,??????????????????????

    84. 3.4 ?????(?) ?????? 1.???????????,??????,???????,????????? 2.??????????????????,??????,??????????? 3.?????????????????????????

    85. 3.4 ?????(?) 3.4.3 ?????(Centrifugal casting) ??????????????,?????????????????,????????????????? ????????: 1.?????????????,?????????????????????????????????,??????????

    86. 3.4 ?????(?) 2.???????????,?????????????? 3.???????????????,???????????,???????????,??????????? 4.????????,????????????,??????????????? 5.???????

    87. 3.4 ?????(?) ????????: 1.?????????????????? 2.???????????????,?????????????,??????????

    88. 3.4 ?????(?) 3.4.4 ???(Slush casting) ???????????????????? ???????,???????????

    89. 3.4 ?????(?) 3.4.5 ?????(Precision casting) ???????????,?????????,???????????? ?????????????????? ???????????????????,???????? ??????????????????????

    90. 3.4 ?????(?) 1.????(Investment casting) ???????????,???????? ????????????????,?????????????,??????????? ?????????,????,????,????????????????

    91. 3.4 ?????(?) 2.??????(Ceramic mold casting) ???????????,????????????????? ? ??????????,???????????????????????? ????????????????????????

    92. 3.4 ?????(?) 3.??????(Plaster mold casting) ???????????????????,????????,????????,?????????? ???????????????? ????????,??????

    93. 3.4 ?????(?) 4.?????(Shell mold casting) ??????,??????,???????? ? ???????????,?????,?????????????????? ???????????,??????????????????????

    94. 3.4 ?????(?) 3.4.6 ?????: ?????????????????????,?????????? ????????????????????,?????????????????? ????????????,???????????????????????,???????????

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