UAV: EASA and ICAO activities

1. UAV: EASA and ICAO activities Presentation by: Y Morier EASA Workshop on UAV

2. Contents of the presentation • EASA activities: • The Advance-Notice of Proposed Amendment (A-NPA) • The Policy • The Comment Response Document (CRD) • Related EASA rulemaking • Contacts with other organisations • ICAO activities • Main issues highlighted by the A-NPA consultation: • Issues within EASA remit • Issues outside EASA remit • Summary-conclusion Workshop on UAV

3. EASA activities • The A-NPA • A-NPA 16/2005 issued on 7 November 2005 • available on the EASA web-site: • http://www.easa.europa.eu/home/r_archives.html • Consultation closed on 7 February 2006 • Basis for the A-NPA: • Report of the JAA and EUROCONTROL joint initiative on UAV (UAV Task-Force report) • http://www.easa.europa.eu/home/r_archives.html • Purpose of the A-NPA: • Envisage a policy for UAV systems certification • Solicit comments on specific points Workshop on UAV

4. EASA activities • The policy (I): • Scope: • UAV systems with a maximum take-off mass of 150 kg or more; which are not excluded by Article 1(2) or Article 4(2) and Annex II of EC Regulation 1592/2002. • Objectives: • Airworthiness (protection of people and property on the ground); environmental protection (ICAO annex 16) • Definitions: • insist on UAV system Workshop on UAV

5. EASA activities • The policy (II): • Procedure for UAV systems certification: Part 21 is applicable • Type certificate: • Part 21 A.17: type certification basis • Design organisation approval for designer • Production organisation approval for manufacturer • Certificate of airworthiness and Noise certificates for individual UAV • Restricted certificate of airworthiness may be issued for operations in remote areas Workshop on UAV

6. EASA activities • The policy (III): • UAV system elements to be included in the type certification basis: • Any function and associated equipments that can prejudice continued safe flight and landing or environmental compatibility • Typical list is provide in attachment 1 of the policy Workshop on UAV

7. EASA activities • The policy (IV): • Type Certification basis: • Adapted from existing Certification Specification (CS) for manned aircraft • Methodology to select appropriate CS. • Tailoring for UAV of selected CS • UAV system safety assessment • Special conditions: • emergency recovery capability; • communication link; • level of autonomy; • human machine interface; • Others • Detailed guidance is contained into attachment 2 to the policy Workshop on UAV

8. EASA activities • The policy (IV): • Continuing airworthiness: • Part M is applicable • Environmental protection: • Noise: appropriate chapters of annex 16 volume I • Need for adaptation for UAV specific use • Gaseous emissions and fuel venting: annex 16 volume II Workshop on UAV

9. EASA activities • The Comment Response Document was published on 06/12/2007: http://www.easa.europa.eu/home/r_crd.html • The Agency acknowledge the significant delay compared to initial previsions • Majority of comments concur that the option chosen by the Agency to develop a policy for UAV certification within the constraints described in the A-NPA is a step in the right direction. • Open for reactions until 06/02/2008. Workshop on UAV

10. EASA activities • Related EASA rulemaking: • Extension of scope to Operation, flight crew licensing and third countries aircraft was adopted by the Council on Wednesday. • Opinion for aerodromes was issued in December 2007 • NPA for ATM/ANS was published in December 2007 • Legislative proposal for both could be issued by the Commission in June 2008 • EASA remit fully complete by say 2012? Workshop on UAV

11. EASA activities • Contacts with other organisations: • Contacts are established with ICAO, FAA, EUROCONTROL, EUROCAE, Transport Canada, European Defence Agency and NATO Workshop on UAV

12. ICAO activities • ICAO has established a Unmanned Aircraft System Study Group (UASSG) • Request for participation was sent by State letter AN 13/55 - IND/07/19 dated 24/08/2007 • EASA will participate • First meeting of UASSG is scheduled for spring 2008? Workshop on UAV

13. Main issues highlighted by the A-NPA consultation • Issues fully within the present EASA remit (I): • Conventional versus safety target approach for certification: • Conventional approach retained • The two alternatives for selecting the manned CS: • Kinetic energy method retained • UAV system safety analysis • Quantitative level as in selected CS for first issue of the Policy • Ask EUROCAE WG-73 to develop further guidance Workshop on UAV

14. Main issues highlighted by the A-NPA consultation • Issues fully within the present EASA remit (II): • Need for DOA • Possible alleviation for light UAV • Certificate of airworthiness and control stations • Certificate of airworthiness covers one air vehicle and one control station • Environment: • Stick to ICAO Annex 16 keeping in mind that turbo-jet powered UAV with short take-off distances and/ or special missions may necessitate specific measures. • UAV or UAS? • UAS Workshop on UAV

15. Main issues highlighted by the A-NPA consultation • Issues fully within the present EASA remit: way forward • Short term: • Review the reactions • When appropriate modify the policy • Publish the policy • Further development of the policy: • several tasks proposed to the EUROCAE WG-73 as described in the previous slides Workshop on UAV

16. Main issues highlighted by the A-NPA consultation • Issues outside the EASA present remit (I): • ‘sense and avoid’: • Still not part of the Policy • To develop a special condition using EUROCONTROL specification relative to military UAV used in operational air traffic outside segregated airspace • Agency will request EUROCAE WG 73 to develop the special condition • Total system approach as proposed by Sweden • Attractive concept but goes beyond UAV certification • Deserve further study Workshop on UAV

17. Main issues highlighted by the A-NPA consultation • Issues outside the EASA present remit (II): • Security: • Key issue but not within EASA remit • Safety impacts of security systems are within EASA remit • Coordination with military working group on UAV: • Importance recognised • USAR version 3 and most likely STANAG 4671 can be used with certain limitations • UAV below 150 KG: • Coordination between Member States using EUROCAE WG-73 is encouraged Workshop on UAV

18. Main issues highlighted by the A-NPA consultation • Issues outside the EASA present remit: way forward • regulatory framework for UAV: Role of EASA and development of a comprehensive framework for UAV regulations: • Create a group to identify building blocks and road map for a comprehensive framework for UAV regulation: • Do we have the road map yet? • The group should report to the Commission because the Commission is competent for all issues related to UAV regulation. It should include the main players and take into account existing or planned activities. A specific task for the group would be to develop regulatory impact assessment (in particular safety case). • The group should allocate responsibilities so that each player (E.g. EASA, EUROCONTROL) is responsible to organise its work. The group may also organise further studies as appropriate (e.g. Total System Approach, Safety Target approach) Workshop on UAV

19. Summary-Conclusions • EASA activities have be summed-up • ICAO activities have been outlined • A list of significant issues has be highlighted • EASA ready to cooperate and contribute to the development of a comprehensive UAV regulatory framework. Workshop on UAV

20. End of presentation • THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION. • YOUR QUESTIONS ARE WELCOME • www.easa.europa.eu Workshop on UAV