UNIT 3 THE CONSCIOUS SELF

1. UNIT 3THE CONSCIOUS SELF AREA OF STUDY 2 MEMORY

2. MODELS OF HUMAN MEMORYLONG-TERM MEMORY (LTM) THE MEMORY SYSTEM THAT STORES VAST AMOUNTS OF INFORMATION FOR A VERY LONG TIME, POSSIBLY PERMANENTLY

3. LONG-TERM MEMORY (LTM)ORGANISATION OF LONG-TERM MEMORY PROCEDURAL MEMORY (Actions and skills – ‘knowing how’ – implicit memory) DECLARATIVE MEMORY (Facts and events – ‘knowing that’ – explicit memory) SEMANTIC MEMORY FACTS EPISODIC MEMORY EVENTS

4. LONG-TERM MEMORY (LTM)ORGANISATION OF LONG-TERM MEMORY • PROCEDURAL MEMORY • (Actions and skills – ‘knowing how’ – implicit memory) • Demonstrated through behaviour or performance (skill or habit) • Typically require little or no intentional or conscious attempt to retrieve • Often difficult to put into words

5. LONG-TERM MEMORY (LTM)ORGANISATION OF LONG-TERM MEMORY DECLARATIVE MEMORY (Facts and events – ‘knowing that’ – explicit memory)

6. LONG-TERM MEMORY (LTM)EXPLICIT & IMPLICIT MEMORY EXPLICIT MEMORY – declarative memory When information can be consciously or intentionally retrieved and stated (declarative memory = you can ‘declare’ the information) IMPLICIT MEMORY – non declarative memory When remembering something does not involve conscious or intentional retrieval but memory is expressed through actions or behaviour (procedural memory – memory without awareness)

7. HOMEWORK LEARNING ACTIVITY 6.19 (pg.273) LEARNING ACTIVITY 6.20 (pg.273)

8. LONG-TERM MEMORY (LTM)ORGANISATION OF INFORMATION IN LONG-TERM MEMORY THE MONTHS OF THE YEAR ACTIVITY

9. LONG-TERM MEMORY (LTM)ORGANISATION OF INFORMATION IN LONG-TERM MEMORY SEMANTIC NETWORK THEORY Proposes that information in LTM is organised systematically (hierarchically structured) in the form of overlapping networks of concepts that are interconnected and interrelated by meaningful links NODE LINK NODE

10. LONG-TERM MEMORY (LTM)ORGANISATION OF INFORMATION IN LONG-TERM MEMORY SEMANTIC NETWORK THEORY When we retrieve information, cues activate the nodes The activation of one node causes other nodes to be activated also The overlap of the network aids in fast and efficient retrieval Minimises duplication of nodes

11. LONG-TERM MEMORY (LTM)ORGANISATION OF INFORMATION IN LONG-TERM MEMORY • SPREADING ACTIVATION THEORY • A revision of the Semantic Network Theory by Alan Collins & Elizabeth Loftus (1975) • Proposes that activating one node during retrieval from a semantic network increases the likelihood that associated nodes become activated • The shorter the link between nodes, the stronger the association between them, and the less time it takes to activate (retrieve) related concepts

12. LONG-TERM MEMORY (LTM)ORGANISATION OF INFORMATION IN LONG-TERM MEMORY SPREADING ACTIVATION THEORY

13. LONG-TERM MEMORY (LTM)ORGANISATION OF INFORMATION IN LONG-TERM MEMORY • Question 43 (2013 VCE EXAM) • As a child, Enid learned how to knit, but she has not knitted for 50 years. When a charity organisation asks her to knit some socks, she finds that she still knows how to knit and is able to knit the socks. • This is due to her • echoic memory. • episodic memory. • short-term memory. • procedural memory. • Question 7 (2012 VCE EXAM) – 3 marks • Use an example to explain semantic network theory.

14. HOMEWORK LEARNING ACTIVITY 6.22 (pg.276) LEARNING ACTIVITY 6.24 (pg.277)