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Ana Maria Oliveira Vanessa Figueiredo

Science, Technology & Innovation Policy 1. Old and New Paradigms in the Measurement of R&D. Ana Maria Oliveira Vanessa Figueiredo. Out. 2003.

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Ana Maria Oliveira Vanessa Figueiredo

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  1. Science, Technology & Innovation Policy 1 Old and New Paradigms in the Measurement of R&D Ana Maria Oliveira Vanessa Figueiredo Out. 2003

  2. Old and new paradigms in the measurement of R&D Historic Facts ► 1930s Soviet Union ► 1940s United States ► 1950s National Science Foundation (NSF) - USA Regular Survey of R&D Manual Frascati (1963) (1993 introduced improvements in methodology of manual) ► 1997 Oslo Manual (introduction the innovation data) Out. 2003

  3. Old and new paradigms in the measurement of R&D Paradigms In The Measurements • The number of R&D performing firms is higher in Innovation surveys than that emerging from the R&D survey • The concept of “full-time equivalent” for measuring the quantity and quantity of work done by professionals engaged in R&D is less and less tenable Out. 2003

  4. Table 1 – Innovating firms involved in R&D, and those which carried out in-house R&D, by department where the R&D was carried out, 1985 Source: Cesaratto et al(1991) Out. 2003

  5. Table 2 – Resources devoted to R&D by innovating firms, 1985 Source: Cesaratto et al(1991) Out. 2003

  6. Old and new paradigms in the measurement of R&D Table 3 – R&D performing firms and R&D expenditure as measured by the R&D and innovation surveys, 1985 and 1992 R&D Survey Innovation Survey R&D performing firms (number) 1985 793 2557 1992 748 4229 R&D expenditure (billion lire) 80% 1985 3832 5070 1992 7362 8441 14% Out. 2003

  7. R&D Survey Innovation Survey Old and new paradigms in the measurement of R&D Figure 1 – R&D performing firms and R&D expenditure as measured by the R&D and innovation survey (1992) Innovation Survey R&D Survey Number of R&D performing firms R&D expenditure Out. 2003

  8. Table 4 – Main features of the R&D and innovation surveys and their impact on the measurement of R&D Out. 2003

  9. Old and new paradigms in the measurement of R&D The number of R&D performing firms is higher in Innovation surveys than that emerging from the R&D survey • It is expected that two sets of data on (industrial) R&D may tell two different realities • R&D survey using a complex and detailed questionnaire may discourage firms without specific R&D strategic and budget • Innovation survey captures a large variety of firms which have introduced technological innovation and, at the same time have been involved in R&D • It would be wrong the assumption that the R&D data are collected through the innovation surveys Out. 2003

  10. Old and new paradigms in the measurement of R&D The concept of “full-time equivalent” for measuring the quantity and quantity of work done by professionals engaged in R&D is less and less tenable • The knowledge gained in one activity reinforces the skill in performing another activity “If you want something done, ask the busy person” Out. 2003

  11. Old and new paradigms in the measurement of R&D Conclusions • More flexibility and comprehensive concepts for describing the complex process of R&D • Update measurements tools, better placed to answer old and emerging questions about R&D and its impact Sources: Sirilli, G. (1998), Old and new paradigms in the measurement of R&D, Science and Public Policy. 25 (5), pp 305-311. Conceição, P., Ávila, P. (2001),Inovação em Portugal, II Inquérito Comunitário às Actividades de Inovação, Oeiras, Celta Bóia, M. (2003), Determinants of Innovation in Portugal Out. 2003

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