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ANESTHESIA AT THE YEAR 1001

ANESTHESIA AT THE YEAR 1001. ADNAN ABDALLAH ALMAZROOA ANESTHESIA DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF MEDICINE KING ABDALAZIZ UNIVERSITY. Anesthesia AT 1001. 1. Pain relief 2. Anesthesia 3. Resuscitation. 1. Pain relief. Graeco Roman era Islamic era. Graeco Roman era.

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ANESTHESIA AT THE YEAR 1001

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  1. ANESTHESIA AT THE YEAR 1001 ADNAN ABDALLAH ALMAZROOA ANESTHESIA DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF MEDICINE KING ABDALAZIZ UNIVERSITY

  2. Anesthesia AT 1001 • 1. Pain relief • 2. Anesthesia • 3. Resuscitation

  3. 1. Pain relief • Graeco Roman era • Islamic era

  4. Graeco Roman era • Celsus 1st century Opium and mandrake. • Galen 2nd century consider it as a dangerous drug used only in colics and very severe pain. • Paulus 7th century didn’t use it in the trochisks acting as anodynes

  5. Graeco Roman era • The state of intillctual stagnation prevailed in Europe in the middle ages , together with the theological doctrine that pain serves God’s purpose and must not be alleviated, it militated against the improvement in methods of narcosis. There was no standardization of these drugs or regulation of their dosage. Cumston, Campbell, Nuland, Bickers and Desnos

  6. Islamic Era Ibn Sina , Al Razi, Al Bagdady and IbnElkuff paid great importance to the Physiology of pain and its management • underlying cause • analgesics

  7. Islamic Era • Anaesthetic were considered one of analgesics. *wide range of medical plants *ice or ice cold water

  8. Islamic Era Opium the most powerful Mandrake Papaveris Henbane Hyocyamus Hemlock Solanum Wild lettuce only for insomnia

  9. Islamic Era • Pharmacology of Narcotics • Mode of action • Potency • Uses • Forms

  10. Pharmacology of Narcotics • Mode of fraudes • Active ingredients • Specific action • Action on different system • Dose-toxic dose • Antidote

  11. Islamic Era • The Muslims were given the credit for developing the science of Botany, and Ibn El Bitar’s book Al Gami Al Kabir is the most original among the Arabic Materia Medica. Dickinson 1875, Cumston 1968 & Margotta 1968

  12. Islamic Era “ The medicinal substances found in Dioscorides in its scientific form is an Islamic creation” (Cumston 1968)

  13. II . Anaesthesia • AL-Hawi fit-tibb Al-Razi • AL-Qanon fit-tibb Ibn Sina • AL-Tasrif Albucasis • AL-Mukhtarat fit-tibb AL-Bagdadi • AL-Omda Fil AL-Jiraha IbnEL-Quff • AL-Tayseer Ibn Zuhr

  14. II . Anaesthesia • Documantation of the use of ALMURQUID • Anesthesia techniques • Anesthesia personnel • Monitoring

  15. Documentation of the use of ALMURQUID • WAFAITULAIAN • ALBIDAIA WALNIHAIA • DICTIONARIES • SAYED ALKHATER

  16. Al-Murquid Literally, Al-Murquid in Arabic means: “drug that induces deep sleep” BHANJ TANWIM

  17. Anaesthesia techniques Al-Murquid • INGESTION • RECTAL • INHALATION

  18. Anaesthesia techniques • Ingestion of the Infusion… Solanum Canabis Opium Mandrake

  19. Anaesthesia techniques • Rectally on a plug changed hourly… Canabis Opium Mandrake

  20. Anaesthesia techniques • Inhalation • Odourants of powder of Opium,camphor,roses seeds &mandrake • Spongia Somnifera Opium,mandrake & black poppy Ellis 1946

  21. Anaesthesia techniques • Precisely determined • Required dose • Anesthesia duration • One mithkal of Mandrake 3-4 hrs Ibn Sina

  22. Anaesthesia personnel • ALTABAAEI (THE PHYSICIAN) • ALJARAAEHI (THE SURGEON) THE ANAESTHESIOLOGIST IbnEL-Quff

  23. MONITORING ALTABAAEI’S finger should be on the pulse while ALJARAAEHI is performing the surgery. Intra-operative monitoring by palpation.

  24. III- Resuscitation • Resuscitation team • Upper airway obstruction • Tracheotomy • Use of bellows • Nutrition

  25. Resuscitation • Resuscitation team • ALTABAAEI (THE PHYSICIAN) • ALJARAAEHI (THE SURGEON) • Have been called to resuscitate war trauma case Osama Ibn AL-Munquiz

  26. Resuscitation • Management of upper airway obstruction according to Ibn Sina : 1st clearing the secretion 2nd tube to assist breathing 3rd tracheotomy Brendt & Georig

  27. Management of upper airway obstruction • In management of suffocation • First Ibn Sina tried coservative meassures including clearing of secretion using a wicker stick covered with a piece of cotton wool

  28. Management of upper airway obstruction • In management of suffocation • - Second • Introduction of a gold or silver tube to the throat to assist breathing • - Third • Tracheotomy

  29. Tracheotomy Aretaeus 2nd century Aurelinus 4th century didn’t approve Paulus 7th century only described Al-Razi 9th century case report Ibn Sina 10th century spoke favourably

  30. Tracheotomy Al-Zahrawy 11th century reported succesful management of suicidal cut wound of trachea & concluded it is not dangerous Ibn Zuhr 12th century detail of animal experiment of performing tracheotomy on Goat that completely recovered Ibn ElQuff &Al-Bagdadi no reservation ,considered as mode of managing upper a-w obstruction

  31. Resuscitation Respiratory resuscitation using bellows • Salih Ibn Bahla reported a case of a patient who was pronounced dead , but later on was successfully resuscitated by insufflating air and soap root powder in his nose.

  32. Nutrition • Entral feeding • Oraly via silver or tin tube gently introduced to the throat • Rectaly using goat bladder Ibn Zuhr

  33. Thank you 

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