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The Algorithmic Model

The Algorithmic Model. The Algorithmic Model. What is Computer Science What is Programming Algorithms Definition Properties of Good Algorithms Describing Algorithms Examples Components of Algorithms. What is Programming. Programming requires two skills: Algorithmic thinking

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The Algorithmic Model

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  1. The Algorithmic Model

  2. The Algorithmic Model • What is Computer Science • What is Programming • Algorithms • Definition • Properties of Good Algorithms • Describing Algorithms • Examples • Components of Algorithms

  3. What is Programming • Programming requires two skills: • Algorithmic thinking • Knowledge of programming language syntax • Learning language syntax is the easy part

  4. How We Learn Computer Science • We use pseudo-code to focus on learning algorithmic thinking • From there, you can go anywhere! • Not using a computer to compile and run your program forces you to mentally execute your program and debug it! • Too many programmers try to program by brute force and twiddling

  5. Algorithm Defined • A set of logical steps to accomplish a task • A “recipe of action” • A way of describing behavior Algorithms contain: • Data • Instructions

  6. Algorithms in Computing Input Data Algorithm Output Data

  7. Algorithm “Recipe” Chocolate Chip Cookies DATA (ingredients) 2 1/4 cups flour 1 tsp salt 1 tsp baking soda 2 eggs 3/4 cup brown sugar 1 tsp vanilla ext. 3/4 cup gran’d sugar 1 cup soft butter 12oz. semi-sweet chocolate chipsINSTRUCTIONS (steps) Preheat oven to 375°. Combine flour, salt, baking soda, in bowl, set mixture aside. Combine sugars, butter, vanilla, beat until creamy. Add eggs and beat. Add dry mixture and mix well. Stir in chocolate chips Drop mixture by teaspoons onto ungreased cookie sheet Bake 8 to 10 minutes

  8. a general idea or term • an impractical idea; visionary and unrealistic • general characteristics apart from concrete realities, specific objects or actual instances • withdrawal • absent-mindedness; inattention • a work of art stressing formal relationships Abstraction (Random House Dictionary of the English Language) • In Computer Science: • Abstraction refers to the LOGICAL GROUPING of concepts or objects • Define/implement the general idea, isolate the details

  9. Abstraction in Algorithms The Abstraction: Get to Clayton State IT Dept. from Atlanta One Implementation: begin get on I-75 heading south exit I-75 onto exit 234 turn left turn right on Clayton State Bvd. hit duck park in front of IT Dept. walk into front door end Other implementations of the same abstraction can be just as correct, better, or worse

  10. What’s Wrong With This Algorithm? (From back of shampoo bottle) Directions: Wet Hair Apply a small amount of shampoo Lather Rinse Repeat

  11. Properties of Good Algorithms Good algorithms are • Precise • Unambiguous • Complete • Correct • Simple • Contain levels of abstraction

  12. Describing Algorithms • Natural language (English) • Pictures • Pseudo-code or a specific programming language

  13. Make a list of courses you want to register for, in order of priority • Start with empty schedule. Number of hours = 0. • Choose highest priority class on list. • If the chosen class is not full and its class time does not conflict with classes already scheduled, then register for the class: • 4.a. Add the class to the schedule • 4.b. Add the class hours to the number of hours scheduled • Cross that class off of your list. • Repeat steps 3 through 5 until the number of hours scheduled is >= 15, or until all classes have been crossed out. • Stop.

  14. End Begin Make list of classes you want to take Flowcharts Num Hours = 0 Choose highest priority class on list yes Is this class full? no yes Is there a time conflict? no Add the class to your schedule. Add class hours to Num Hours. Cross the class off your list. yes Num Hours >= 15? no yes More classes on list? no

  15. Components of Algorithms Any computing algorithm will have AT MOST five kinds of components: • Data structures to hold data • Instructions change data values • Conditional expressions to make decisions • Control structures to act on decisions • Modules to make the algorithm manageable by abstraction, i.e., grouping related components

  16. FIN

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