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Climate change and agriculture and rural development in Asia……….

This article discusses the impacts of climate change on agriculture in Asia, including temperature rise, water scarcity, soil degradation, and changes in plant varieties. It explores the need for technology development and the use of biological instruments to improve agriculture productivity and rural income. Examples of innovative solutions, such as mycorrhiza technology, genetic improvement, and new processes for plant derivatives, are also highlighted.

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Climate change and agriculture and rural development in Asia……….

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  1. Climate change and agriculture and rural development in Asia………. Alok Adholeya The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi India

  2. Impacts on agriculture • Temperature rise • Water scarcity • Soil degradation • Plant varieties and their higher need of resources

  3. Need based technology development

  4. Biological instruments • In the past many organism had origin from Temperate and developed world • Could not provide reproducible results • Regulation on quality was lacking • Created “non starter” impression among user

  5. What is needed to improve agriculture productivity and rural income

  6. Restore biology similar to feudal agriculture • Crop varieties to sustain changes in climate • Create integrated system inclusive of chemicals and biological instruments for sustainable production

  7. Continued……………. • Post harvest processes and storage infrastructure • Use of information technology for dissemination of knowledge and trade

  8. A few examples

  9. Mycorrhiza a new biological instrument • Making available nutrients from marginal soils • Water use efficiency • Disease protection • Reduced chemical fertilizer needs • Utilize organically bound minerals

  10. Mycorrhiza in nature Extensive fungal network Plant interphase Mycorrhiza Mycorrhiza Plants extended arms Heavy metals & trace elements P N K Mycorrhizal plant Cu Active structure inside root Substrate binding Mn Zn MYCORRHIZA

  11. Mycorrhiza Technology Plant from soil Optimization of surface sterilization protocols From soil to laboratory back to soil Field application Development of hairy root cultures Finished product Mass production Formulation

  12. What poor farmers achieve • Reduced input costs up to 30 % • Productivity increase 5 to 15 % • Improved biological health of soil • Resource use efficiency such as water and soil minerals • Plants varieties are better equipped to sustain climate change impacts

  13. Energy consumption in Jatropha • A 8000 Ha. Jatropha plantation (20 Million plants) consumes 21840 Gcal if conventional fertilizer is applied • Now for the same plantation 4000 Million mycorrhiza propagules were applied leading to a saving of 21.8 Million Rs (US$ 0.52 Million)

  14. No chemical fertilizer use

  15. Newer Technologies for plant and derivatives improvement leading to higher yields and reduced emissions • Genetic improvement for quality plantingmaterial • Yield • Oil content • Biotic and abiotic stress • Approaches • Natural selection • Breeding • Transgenic • Marker assisted selection for • Oil • Yield • Value added products • Glycerol • Oil Cake • Improved oil quality and transesterificationprocess • Biological catalyst • Heterogeneous Catalyst • Continuous process • Mixed feed stocks

  16. Thanks for your attention

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