Early North American Civilizations

1. Early North American Civilizations Northwest Southwest Mound Builders Eastern Woodlands

2. Northwest Coast • Lots of abundant resources, food, wood • Fishing • Large population • Social classes based on wealth.

3. Southwest • Two Groups Hohokam and Anasazi • Used irrigation to fram the desert land • Pottery shows connection to Mesoamerica. • Pueblos

4. Mound Builders • Adena and Hopwell build elaborate burial mounds further north. • Mississippian culture near St. Louis. • Large temple mounds similar to Mexico. • Key trade city.

5. Great Serpent Mound

7. Eastern Woodlands • Many different tribes • Frequent clashes over land lead to political alliances like the Iroquois League.

8. Connections • Trade networks tied tribes together • Goods traveled hundreds of miles • All cultures had some religion • Numerous spirits and a Great Spirit • Land was to be used, not owned • Some social patterns were shared • Families were often organized into clans • Totems were used as symbols of a group

9. Maya

10. Maya Create Urban Kingdoms • Maya built great cities in the Classic period • Cities featured pyramids, temples, and palaces • Cities were supported by agriculture • Maya farmers used sophisticated techniques • Social classes emerged in Mayan cities • Dynasties ruled Mayan city-states

11. El Castillo at Chichén Itzá El Caracol at Chichén Itzá

12. Maya palace at Chiapas

13. Religion Shapes Mayan Life • Religion influenced Mayan life • The gods affected each day • Sacrifices were an important part of religion • Blood nourished the gods • Science and math were a part of religion • The Maya had two calendars • The use of the zero aided Mayan astronomers • Mayan glyphs formed codexes • The Popol Vuh recorded Mayan history

14. Maya Ball GameWelcome To The Mesoamerican Ballgamehttp://www.history.com/media.do?action=clip&id=dft_playingulama_broadband

15. Mayan Decline • The Classic period ended in 900 • Many Mayan cities were deserted • The Toltec and others invaded the Yucatan

16. The Valley of Mexico Before the Aztecs • Teotihuacán dominated in the 6th & 7th cent. • Its art styles and religious beliefs were influential • The Toltecs ruled from their capital of Tula • The Toltecs’ war god demanded blood • Topiltzin initiated the worship of Quetzalcoatl • The exiled Quetzalcoatl vowed to return

18. Aztecs Build an Empire • The Aztec migrated from the north • Huitzilopochtli told the Mexica to set up a new city • They built Tenochtitlán in Lake Texcoco • Aztec control stretched over central Mexico • The Triple Alliance with Texcoco and Tlacopan • The Aztecs: tribute, trade, labor and sacrifice • Tenochtitlán’s chinampas • Festive ceremonies required numerous captives

21. Problems in the Aztec Empire • People in the Empire revolted • Montezuma II tried to keep the empire together • Cortés and Quetzalcoatl

22. The Inca Create a Mountain Empire

23. The Inca Come to Power • The Inca migrated to the Valley of Cuzco • Rulers could only come from 11 noble lineages • The orejones were descendents of Inti, the sun God • Pachacuti built an empire • By the 1500s Tihuantisuya covered 2500 miles • The Inca used diplomacy more than force

25. Incan Government Creates Unity • Quechua became the official language • Incan building connected the empire • Incan government organized communities • The ayllu provided community welfare • Subjects owed their labor through the mita • The state controlled the economy • The state kept records • The Inca did not write, but had the quipu • Religion supported the state

26. Above & left: Machu Picchu

27. Discord in the Empire • Civil war broke out in 1525 • Atahualpa and Huascar fought for the throne