Comparison of Microbial and Chemical Process

1. Comparison of Microbial and Chemical Process Todd French, PhD Mississippi State University Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering french@che.msstate.edu 662-325-4308

2. What are Microorganisms? • Living organisms too small to see without the aide of magnification • Members • Commercially Important Chemical Producers • Bacteria • Archaea • Fungi • Yeast • Non Commercially • Viruses • Protozoans • Ameobes http://www.microbeworld.org/images/microbes/methanopyrus.jpg http://www.kitchenproject.com http://biyolojiegitim.yyu.edu.tr/k/Legi/images/Legionella%20bacteria_jpg.jpg4

3. Natural Facts • Microorganisms require their nutrients to be in solution. • That solvent is water • Life as we understand it has to have the following in order of abundance • Water • Carbon • Nitrogen • Phosphorus • Trace Elements • Microorganisms follow all of the natural laws as does everything • For example • They cannot create energy • They cannot cause a reaction to occur that would not naturally occur • They derive the energy from reduced metals, organics, hydrogen, or sunlight. Madigan, M.T.  Martinko, and J. Parker.  2003.  Biology of Microorganisms.  Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ

4. Creating A Carbon-Based Life Form • List the criteria that we must address to have a living breathing organism? • Should we protect this creation from the elements? • Where will this organisms obtain energy? • How do we control the mass and energy changes? • How do we regulate water movement and is it necessary?

5. How did Nature do it? http://www.smartdraw.com/examples/content/Examples/Healthcare/Microbiology_&_Biochemistry/Bacteria_L.jpg

6. Protection from the Environment

7. http://www.bact.wisc.edu/Microtextbook/images/book_4/chapter_2/2-39.gifhttp://www.bact.wisc.edu/Microtextbook/images/book_4/chapter_2/2-39.gif http://www.ewa.cz/pages1/813_soubory/aminoacids.gif Building Blocks of Microbial Life http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/images/580bases.gif

8. Organic Energy Sources http://www.brooklyn.cuny.edu/bc/ahp/MBG/MBG4/Enzymes.02.GIF http://staff.jccc.net/PDECELL/cellresp/glycolysis.gif http://www.biologyreference.com/images/biol_02_img0148.jpg

9. Enzymatic Reactions http://www.geneticengineering.org/chemis/Chemis-NucleicAcid/Graphics/Transcription.gif http://nobelprize.org/educational_games/medicine/dna/a/translation/pics/translation2.gif http://tigger.uic.edu/classes/phys/phys461/phys450/ANJUM05/hexokinase.jpg

10. Enzyme Kinetics Heterogeneous catalyst kinetics Catalyst Kinetics http://www.hottopos.com/regeq11/images/reg016.gif http://www.irvingcrowley.com/cls/competitive-grap.gif http://scsg20.unige.ch/~tomek/ResearchExamples/image002.jpg

11. Differences B/W Biotic & Abiotic Processes • Abiotic catalyst are orders of magnitude faster • Operate at much higher temperatures and pressures • Biotic catalyst can have very high specificity • Biotic systems have an absolute requirement for water • Biological systems are commonly self regulating • Scale of the process • Obviously biotic systems are much larger

12. Similarities B/W Biotic & Abiotic Processes • Adhere to natural laws • Will not cause rxn to occur that would not occur otherwise • Cannot create energy or mass • Requires chemical rxn • Effected by temperature and pH • Biological systems mildly effected by pressure

13. Not that Dissimilar in Function http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/6/60/RefineryFlow.png http://staff.jccc.net/PDECELL/cellresp/glycolysis.gif