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Comparison of Microbial and Chemical Processes in Engineering

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This document explores the fundamental differences and similarities between microbial and chemical processes, focusing on their roles in chemical engineering. Microorganisms, including bacteria, archaea, and fungi, are pivotal as natural catalysts in biotic processes, while chemical processes typically rely on abiotic catalysts. Key aspects include nutrient needs, energy sources, and operating conditions. The document emphasizes the significance of water in biotic systems, the specificity of biotic reactions, and how both systems adhere to natural laws without creating energy.

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Comparison of Microbial and Chemical Processes in Engineering

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  1. Comparison of Microbial and Chemical Process Todd French, PhD Mississippi State University Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering french@che.msstate.edu 662-325-4308

  2. What are Microorganisms? • Living organisms too small to see without the aide of magnification • Members • Commercially Important Chemical Producers • Bacteria • Archaea • Fungi • Yeast • Non Commercially • Viruses • Protozoans • Ameobes http://www.microbeworld.org/images/microbes/methanopyrus.jpg http://www.kitchenproject.com http://biyolojiegitim.yyu.edu.tr/k/Legi/images/Legionella%20bacteria_jpg.jpg4

  3. Natural Facts • Microorganisms require their nutrients to be in solution. • That solvent is water • Life as we understand it has to have the following in order of abundance • Water • Carbon • Nitrogen • Phosphorus • Trace Elements • Microorganisms follow all of the natural laws as does everything • For example • They cannot create energy • They cannot cause a reaction to occur that would not naturally occur • They derive the energy from reduced metals, organics, hydrogen, or sunlight. Madigan, M.T.  Martinko, and J. Parker.  2003.  Biology of Microorganisms.  Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ

  4. Creating A Carbon-Based Life Form • List the criteria that we must address to have a living breathing organism? • Should we protect this creation from the elements? • Where will this organisms obtain energy? • How do we control the mass and energy changes? • How do we regulate water movement and is it necessary?

  5. How did Nature do it? http://www.smartdraw.com/examples/content/Examples/Healthcare/Microbiology_&_Biochemistry/Bacteria_L.jpg

  6. Protection from the Environment

  7. http://www.bact.wisc.edu/Microtextbook/images/book_4/chapter_2/2-39.gifhttp://www.bact.wisc.edu/Microtextbook/images/book_4/chapter_2/2-39.gif http://www.ewa.cz/pages1/813_soubory/aminoacids.gif Building Blocks of Microbial Life http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/images/580bases.gif

  8. Organic Energy Sources http://www.brooklyn.cuny.edu/bc/ahp/MBG/MBG4/Enzymes.02.GIF http://staff.jccc.net/PDECELL/cellresp/glycolysis.gif http://www.biologyreference.com/images/biol_02_img0148.jpg

  9. Enzymatic Reactions http://www.geneticengineering.org/chemis/Chemis-NucleicAcid/Graphics/Transcription.gif http://nobelprize.org/educational_games/medicine/dna/a/translation/pics/translation2.gif http://tigger.uic.edu/classes/phys/phys461/phys450/ANJUM05/hexokinase.jpg

  10. Enzyme Kinetics Heterogeneous catalyst kinetics Catalyst Kinetics http://www.hottopos.com/regeq11/images/reg016.gif http://www.irvingcrowley.com/cls/competitive-grap.gif http://scsg20.unige.ch/~tomek/ResearchExamples/image002.jpg

  11. Differences B/W Biotic & Abiotic Processes • Abiotic catalyst are orders of magnitude faster • Operate at much higher temperatures and pressures • Biotic catalyst can have very high specificity • Biotic systems have an absolute requirement for water • Biological systems are commonly self regulating • Scale of the process • Obviously biotic systems are much larger

  12. Similarities B/W Biotic & Abiotic Processes • Adhere to natural laws • Will not cause rxn to occur that would not occur otherwise • Cannot create energy or mass • Requires chemical rxn • Effected by temperature and pH • Biological systems mildly effected by pressure

  13. Not that Dissimilar in Function http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/6/60/RefineryFlow.png http://staff.jccc.net/PDECELL/cellresp/glycolysis.gif

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