Comprehensive Guide to Lower Extremity Injuries in Sports: Causes and Treatment Options

1. Common Injuries Sports Medicine I

2. Absorbs impact from sports activities Disabling contusion Heel cups to absorb impact Cold application reduce swelling and pain Heel Bruise

3. Bony outgrowth on the calcaneus Causes painful inflammation of tissue Aggravated by exercise Heel Spur

4. Anterior Compartment Tibialis anterior Extensor hallucis longus Extensor digitorum longus Peroneus tertius Lateral Compartment Peroneus longus Peroneus brevis Compartment Syndrome

5. Superficial Posterior Compartment Gastrocnemius Soleus Plantaris Deep Posterior Compartment Tibialis posterior Flexor digitorum longus Flexor hallucis longus popliteus Compartment Syndrome

6. More common to anterior or lateral compartment Can be mistaken for shin splints Excessive exercise can result in hemorrhage and swelling Increases pressure on peroneal nerve, veins, and arteries Muscle cells die Compartment Syndrome

8. Strongest tendon in the body A tear, can be career-threatening Inserts at calcaneus Depending on force, a rupture can occur Caused by Overuse Muscle imbalance Inflexibility Sudden movement Achilles Tendon Strain

11. Lack of exercise can lead to deterioration of the bone Often occur in lower extremity Early x-rays may not reveal evidence Specific point tenderness Pain is constant Medical referral is recommended Stress Fractures