The evolving landscape of library resource management

1. Marshall Breeding Independent Consultant, Author, Founder and Publisher, Library Technology Guides http://www.librarytechnology.org/ http://twitter.com/mbreeding The evolving landscape of library resource management June 20, 2014 e-BUG Conference – Morehead State University

2. Description • Marshall Breeding will provide an overview of the current state of technologies available to academic libraries for managing and providing access to their collections.  He will provide an overview of the models of automation that have shifted away from a focus on print to ones that encompass electronic resources and digital collections.  Strategic cooperation has become a central concern, where multi-campus universities, consortia, statewide, or even national library systems are increasingly exploring opportunities to share infrastructure rather than implement local systems.  Many of the new platforms are deployed as multi-tenant software as a service.  Breeding will discuss these trends and other topics of interest to academic libraries. 

3. Library Technology Guides www.librarytechnology.org

4. Library Technology Industry Reports American Libraries Library Journal • 2014: Strategic Competition and Cooperation • 2013: Rush to Innovate • 2012: Agents of Change • 2011: New Frontier • 2010: New Models, Core Systems • 2009: Investing in the Future • 2008: Opportunity out of turmoil • 2007: An industry redefined • 2006: Reshuffling the deck • 2005: Gradual evolution • 2004: Migration down, innovation up • 2003: The competition heats up • 2002: Capturing the migrating customer

5. Mergers and Acquisitions

6. Mergers and Acquisitions Detail

7. Library Systems Report 2014

8. Library Systems Report 2014 Arabic

9. Library Systems Report Tables http://www.americanlibrariesmagazine.org

10. Personnel Resources 2013

11. ILS Industry Contracts (2013)

12. DevelopmentResources (Dec 2013)

13. Personnel Growth / Loss

14. New-generation Library Management

15. AppropriateAutomation Infrastructure • Current automation products out of step with current realities • Majority of library collection funds spent on electronic content • Majority of automation efforts support print activities • New discovery solutions help with access to e-content • Management of e-content continues with inadequate supporting infrastructure

16. Strategic shift for Academic Libraries • Collection Shift from Print > Electronic + Digital • E-journal transition largely complete • Circulation of print collections slowing • Large-scale investment in e-books • Technical infrastructure support: • Need better tools for access to complex multi-format collections • Strong emphasis on digitizing local collections • Demands for enterprise integration and interoperability

17. Multi Tennant SaaS is the modern approach One copy of the code base serves multiple sites Software functionality delivered entirely through Web interfaces No workstation clients Upgrades and fixes deployed universally Usually in small increments Software as a Service

18. SaaS provides opportunity for highly shared data models Bibliographic knowledgebase: one globally shared copy that serves all libraries Discovery indexes: article and object-level index for resource discovery E-resource knowledge bases: shared authoritative repository of e-journal holdings General opportunity to move away from library-by-library metadata management to globally shared workflows Data as a service

19. Traditional model of Automation • Oriented to Print collections • Single Library System • Includes branches or divisional facilities • Automation strategies often set when capabilities of automation systems were limited • Institutional solo of collection management

20. Reconceptualization of Automation • Current organization of functionality based on past assumptions • Possible new organizing principles • Fulfillment = Circulation + ILL + DCB + e-commerce • Resource management = Cataloging + Acquisitions + Serials + ERM • Customer Relationship Management = Reference + Circulation + ILL (public services) • Enterprise Resource Planning = Acquisitions + Collection Development

21. Fragmented Library Management • LMS for management of (mostly) print • Duplicative financial systems between library and local government or other parent organization • E-book lending platform (multiple?) • Interlibrary loan (borrowing and lending) • Self-service and AMH infrastructure • Electronic Resource Management • PC Scheduling and print management • Event scheduling • Digital Collections Management platforms (CONTENTdm, DigiTool, etc.) • Discovery-layer services for broader access to library collections • No effective integration services / interoperability among disconnected systems, non-aligned metadata schemes

22. Is the status quo sustainable? • ILS for management of (mostly) print • Duplicative financial systems between library and campus • Electronic Resource Management (non-integrated with ILS) • OpenURL Link Resolver w/ knowledge base for access to full-text electronic articles • Digital Collections Management platforms (CONTENTdm, DigiTool, etc.) • Institutional Repositories (DSpace, Fedora, etc.) • Discovery-layer services for broader access to library collections • No effective integration services / interoperability among disconnected systems, non-aligned metadata schemes

23. Policies $$$ Funds BIB Vendor Holding / Items CircTransact User Integrated (for print) Library System Public Interfaces: Staff Interfaces: Interfaces Circulation Cataloging Acquisitions Serials OnlineCatalog BusinessLogic DataStores

24. Policies LicenseTerms BIB Vendors Holding / Items CircTransact User Vendor E-JournalTitles $$$ Funds LMS / ERM: Fragmented Model Public Interfaces: Staff Interfaces: ` Application Programming Interfaces Circulation Cataloging Acquisitions Serials OnlineCatalog E-resourceProcurement LicenseManagement Protocols: CORE

25. BIB Holding / Items CircTransact User Vendor Policies $$$ Funds Common approach for ERM Public Interfaces: Staff Interfaces: Budget License Terms Application Programming Interfaces Circulation Cataloging Acquisitions Serials OnlineCatalog Titles / Holdings Vendors Access Details

26. Almost no systematic automation support for references and research services Customer Relationship Management? Resource sharing / Interlibrary loan management Collection development support Gaps in Automation

27. Academic Libraries need a new model of library management • Not an Integrated Library System or Library Management System • The ILS/LMSwas designed to help libraries manage print collections • Generally did not evolve to manage electronic collections • Other library automation products evolved: • Electronic Resource Management Systems – OpenURL Link Resolvers – Digital Library Management Systems -- Institutional Repositories

28. Comprehensive Resource Management • No longer sensible to use different software platforms for managing different types of library materials • ILS + ERM + OpenURL Resolver + Digital Asset management, etc. very inefficient model • Flexible platform capable of managing multiple type of library materials, multiple metadata formats, with appropriate workflows • Support for management of metadata in bulk • Continuous lifecycle chain initiated before publication

29. Library Services Platform • Library-specific software. Designed to help libraries automate their internal operations, manage collections, fulfillment requests, and deliver services • Services • Service oriented architecture • Exposes Web services and other API’s • Facilitates the services libraries offer to their users • Platform • General infrastructure for library automation • Consistent with the concept of Platform as a Service • Library programmers address the APIs of the platform to extend functionality, create connections with other systems, dynamically interact with data

30. Library Services Platform Characteristics • Highly Shared data models • Knowledgebase architecture • Some may take hybrid approach to accommodate local data stores • Delivered through software as a service • Multi-tenant • Unified workflows across formats and media • Flexible metadata management • MARC – Dublin Core – VRA – MODS – ONIX • Bibframe • New structures not yet invented • Open APIs for extensibility and interoperability

31. Library Services Platforms

32. Library Services Platforms

33. New Library Management Model Unified Presentation Layer Search: Self-Check /Automated Return Library Services Platform ` Digital Coll Consolidated index Discovery Service ProQuest API Layer StockManagement EBSCO … Enterprise ResourcePlanning Smart Cad / Payment systems JSTOR LearningManagement AuthenticationService Other Resources

34. ILS products continue to evolve Continue to be appropriate for libraries with active physical collections Public Libraries Development trajectory must include Integration of e-book lending Service-oriented architecture Improved support for non-print materials Evolved ILS will eventually resemble library services platforms Integrated Library Systems?

35. Development Schedule

36. New Metadata management WorkFlows • Moving away from individual record-by-record creation • Life cycle of metadata • Metadata follows the supply chain, improved and enhanced along the way as needed • Manage metadata in bulk when possible • E-book collections • Highly shared metadata • E-journal knowledge bases, e.g. • Great interest in moving toward semantic web and open linked data • Path emerging for linked data in resource management and discovery systems • AACR2 > RDA • MARC > BIBFRAME (http://bibframe.org/)

37. MARC-based cataloging prospects Library collections shifting to electronic and digital Many components of collections appropriately described with other formats: Dublin Core, VRA, Metadata Management

38. Resource Description and Access http://www.loc.gov/aba/rda/ Major change relative to resources devoted to transition Minor impact relative to operational and strategic use of metadata RDA

39. Emerged from the Initiative for Bibliographic Transformation of the Library of Congress http://www.loc.gov/bibframe/ bibframe.org Replacement for MARC (Machine Readable Cataloging), but broader in scope Encoded using RDF (Resource Description Framework) Major departure from MARC Today more conceptual than operational BIBFRAME

40. Demand-driven acquisitions Managing records in bulk Personnel Resources distributed among acquiring and describing electronic, print, and digital resources Resource allocation should be loosely proportionate to collection budgets and high-level strategies New systems provide more flexibility to handle multiple families of metadata New Technical processing workflows

41. Progress on Resource Discovery

42. ILS Data Online Catalog Search: Scope of Search • Books, Journals, and Media at the Title Level • Not in scope: • Articles • Book Chapters • Digital objects • Web site content • Etc. Search Results

43. Web-scale Index-based Discovery ILS Data (2009- present) Digital Collections Search: Web Site Content Institutional Repositories Aggregated Content packages Search Results Consolidated Index Open Access … E-Journals CustomerProfile Usage-generatedData Reference Sources Pre-built harvesting and indexing

44. Bento Box Discovery Model Aggregated Content packages Search: Open Access ILS Data VuFind / Blacklight E-Journals Consolidated Index Search Results Web Site Content Digital Collections Institutional Repositories Pre-built harvesting and indexing

45. Trend Demise of the local catalog • Many library services platforms do not include the concept of an online catalog dedicated to local physical inventory • Designed for discovery services as public-facing interface • Implication: Discovery service must incorporate detailed functionality for local materials and related services

46. Trend Tendency toward re-alignment with management systems • Alma + Primo / Primo Central • Sierra + Encore • WorldCat Local + WorldShare Management Services • Intota + Summon

47. Convergence • Discovery and Management solutions will increasingly be implemented as matched sets • Ex Libris: Primo + Primo Central <->Alma • ProQuest:Summon <->Intota • OCLC: WorldCat Discovery Service <->WorldShare Platform • Except: Kuali OLE, EBSCO Discovery Service • Both depend on an ecosystem of interrelated knowledge bases • API’s exposed to mix and match, but efficiencies and synergies are lost

48. Trend Content providers cooperate with discovery service providers for indexing in Web-scale services • New content partnerships continue to be announced • Web-scale discovery service providers assert that most scholarship in English now well covered and are now focusing on international and specialized resources

49. Development and Deployment Strategies

50. Open source and Open Access • Open source development of platform services • Open source infrastructure components • Open APIs to expose platform services • Knowledge base components • Open access • Community maintained • Adequately resourced