Warm Up

1. Warm Up • Think of a family member or someone else you know who has one of the following diseases: allergies, asthma, diabetes, arthritis • What does this person do to manage the disease or its symptoms?

2. Non Communicable Disease Prevention Lesson 32

3. Objectives • Identify the causes, symptoms and treatment of several non-communicable diseases

4. Non-Communicable Disease • disease that is not transmitted by another person, vector or the environment

5. Cardiovascular Diseases • (CVD) disease that affects the heart or blood vessels • 61 million Americans have some form of the disease • CVDs are responsible for more that 40% of all deaths in the US each year

6. Types of Cardiovascular Disease • Hypertension • Atherosclerosis • Diseases of the Heart • Angina Pectoris • Arrhythmias • Heart Attack • Congestive Heart Failure • Stroke

7. Hypertension • High blood pressure • Blood pressure: force of blood created by the heart’s contractions and resistance of the vessel walls • Normal pressure varies with age, height, weight and genetic factors • Major risks factor for other types of CVDs • Pressure that is continually above the normal range will damage the hart, blood vessels and other bodily organs • High blood pressure can be lowered with medication, weight management, adequate physical activity and proper nutrition

8. Atherosclerosis • Process in which plaques accumulate on artery walls • Buildup due mainly to food choices • High intake of saturated fats and cholesterol • Sometimes a blood clot forms in the area of the plaque, growing until it blocks the artery and causing damage to the tissues the artery supplies blood to

9. Diseases of the Heart • Angina Pectoris • Chest pain that results when the heart does not get enough oxygen • Most commonly caused by atherosclerosis • Arrhythmias • Irregular heart beats • Common, and often don’t cause problems. However, certain types are serious • Ventricular fibrillation: electrical impulses regulating heart rhythm become rapid or irregular • Most common cause of a sudden cardiac arrest • Heart Attack • Many are sudden and cause chest pain but 1 in 4 produces no symptoms at all • Immediate response to stress on the heart • Without emergency help, death will follow within minutes • Congestive Heart Failure • Gradual weakening of the heart that it can not maintain its regular pumping rate and force • Can be a result of high blood pressure, arthrosclerosis, heart valve defects or other factors • Medications, good nutrition and adequate physical activity can help to manage congestive heart failure

10. Stroke • When arterial blockage interrupts the flow of blood to the brain • Can affect different parts of the body, depending on the part of the brain that is deprived of oxygen • Can also occur as a result of cerebral hemorrhage, a condition in which a blood vessel in the brain bursts, causing blood to spread into surrounding brain tissue

11. Risk Factors for CVDs You Can Control: Figure 26.2 pg 679

12. Risk Factors You Can’t Control • Heredity • Children whose parents have CVD are more likely to develop CVD themselves • Gender • Men have a greater risk of developing CVD earlier in life and are at greater risk of having a heart attack than women • However, older women are less likely to survive a heart attack than men of the same age • Age • As people become older, they become more likely to develop CVD • 80% of people who die of CVD are 65 or older

13. Cancer • Uncontrollable growth of abnormal cells Cancer can harm the body in various ways: • Kill normal cells when they compete with them for nutrients • Tumors put pressure on surrounding tissues and organs, interfering with body function • Tumors can block arteries, veins, and other passages in the body Tumor: abnormal mass of tissue that has no natural role in the body • Benign: noncancerous • Malignant: cancerous, spreading to neighboring tissues and through the blood or lymph to other parts of the body • Metastasis: the spread of cancer from the point where it originated to other parts of the body

14. Types of Cancer • Lymphomas: cancers of the immune system • Leukemias: Cancers of the blood forming organs • Carcinomas: cancers of the glands and body linings, including the skin and the linings of the digestive tract and lungs • Sarcomas: cancers of connective tissue, including bones, ligaments and muscle

15. Risk Factors for Cancer • Lifestyle factors • Tobacco use (lung, mouth, bladder, pancreases, kidney) • STDs (HPV and hepatitis B cause cervical and liver cancers) • Dietary Factors • 30% of all cancer deaths are caused by dietary risk factors • Diet high in fat and low in fiber often associated with cancer (colon cancer) • Radiation • UV rays from the sun are main cause of skin cancer • 80% of skin cancers can be prevented

16. Early Detection • Most critical factor in successful cancer treatment • Self examinations • Breast • Testes • Skin • Medical screenings

17. Treating Cancer • Surgery • Removal of some or all of the cancerous mass from the body • Radiation therapy • Kills and shrinks the cancerous mass with rays from radioactive substances • Chemotherapy • Uses chemicals to destroy cancer cells • Immunotherapy • Activates a person’s immune system to recognize specific cancers and destroy them • Hormone therapy • Using medicines that interfere with the production of hormones, killing cancer cells or slowing their growth Cancer that responds to treatment or is under control is said to be in remission • a period of time when symptoms disappear

18. Allergies • Specific reaction of the immune system to a foreign and frequently harmless substance • Common causes of illness and disability in the US • Pollen, foods, dust, mold spores, chemicals, insect venom and medicines are common allergens • Symptoms • Sneezing • Itchy eyes • Runny nose • Hives • Swelling • Difficulty breathing or swallowing • Raspy voice • Drop in blood pressure causing dizziness If someone you know experiences any of the last few symptoms seek medical attention IMMEDIATELY

19. Diagnosing and Treating Allergies Diagnosing • Blood tests • Food elimination diet • Skin test • Looking for the inflammatory response Treatment • Avoid the allergen • Medicines • Immunotherapy • Series of shots that contain small amounts of the allergen to which the person is sensitive, causing the immune system to become less sensitive

20. Asthma • Inflammatory condition in which the small airways in the lungs become narrowed, causing difficulty in breathing • Bronchial tubes of people with asthma are sensitive to certain substances “triggers” • Pollution • Pet dander • Smoke • Mold • Pollen • Dust mites • In an asthma attack, the asthma triggers cause the muscles of the bronchial walls to tighten and produce extra mucus. Respiratory passages narrow, resulting in minor wheezing to sever difficulty breathing

21. Managing Asthma • Monitor the condition • Recognize warning signs of an attack • Shortness of breath • Chest tightness or pain • Coughing or sneezing • Manage the environment • Reduce asthma triggers • Avoid tobacco smoke • Eliminate carpets and rugs when possible • Wash bedding frequently • Manage stress • Relaxation techniques • Take medication • Bronchodilator: type of medication taken with an inhaler, relaxes and widens respiratory passages

22. Diabetes • Chronic disease that affects the way the body cells convert food into energy • Pancreas produces too little or no insulin, a hormone that helps glucose enter the body’s cells • Diagnose through a blood test • Early detection can prevent serious side effects • Blindness • Kidney failure • Limb amputations • Heart disease • Stroke • Can be managed with medication, healthful diet and regular exercise

23. Type 1 vs Type 2 • Type 1 Diabetes • Accounts for 5-10% • Appears suddenly and progresses quickly • Body does not produce insulin, so glucose guilds up in the blood, starving cells of the energy they need • Over time, high blood sugar levels can cause damage to eyes, kidneys, nerves and heart • Autoimmune disease • Condition in which the immune system mistakenly attacks itself, targeting the cells, tissues and organs of a person’s own body • Must take daily does of insulin, either through injections or through a pump surgically implanted in the body • Type 2 Diabetes • Accounts for 90-95% • Most often appears after age 40 BUT is being found at younger ages, even among children and teens • Body is unable to make enough insulin or to use insulin properly • Diet high in fat, calories and cholesterol increases your risk • Treatment includes weight management and regular physical activity

24. Arthritis • Group of more than 100 different diseases that cause pain and loss of movement in the joints • Osteoarthritis • Disease of the joints in which cartilage breaks down • One of the most common types • Strategies to reduce your risk • Control weight • Prevent sport injuries • Warm up, strength train, use appropriate equipment • Let injuries heal completely before returning to play • Protect against Lyme disease • If left untreated can result in rare form of osteoarthritis • Rheumatoid Arthritis • Disease characterized by the debilitating destruction of the joints due to inflammation • Autoimmune disease • Symptoms • Swelling, stiffness, loss of function, fever, fatigue, swollen glands • Both sides of the body usually develop symptoms at the same time and in the same pattern • Early diagnosis is crucial • Medication, exercise, rest, joint protection and therapy can help to manage the disease