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MAP OF WHERE WE CURRENTLY ARE

Problems in Latrine Programme - Chad. Overview of latrine programme Main issues Lessons learnt. MAP OF WHERE WE CURRENTLY ARE. MSF around the world. International humanitarian aid organisation Provide emergency medical aid to where it is most needed

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MAP OF WHERE WE CURRENTLY ARE

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  1. Problems in Latrine Programme - Chad • Overview of latrine programme • Main issues • Lessons learnt MAP OF WHERE WE CURRENTLY ARE

  2. MSF around the world International humanitarian aid organisation Provide emergency medical aid to where it is most needed Employ doctors, nurses, logisticians, administrators, project managers and engineers Raise awareness of human rights abuses Minimum 2 years professional experience: 30% of expatriate staff have no previous field experience MAP OF WHERE WE CURRENTLY ARE

  3. Overview Latrine programme for internally displaced people in Eastern Chad Conflict area 650 Latrines – 1 for max. 20 people Two stages of work

  4. Options • Why use on site sanitation? • What are the options? • What needs to be considered? • 5 minutes – discussion then feedback

  5. Options • Why do you use on site sanitation • Cheaper • Water conservation • Contains pollution – unless risk of groundwater pollution • What are the options? • Ecological sanitation – composting toilets • Pour flush • Septic tanks • Pit latrines – Ventilated

  6. Options • What needs to be considered? • Cost • Space • Materials • Water availability • Method of anal cleansing – washers or wipers • Beliefs which would limit type or location? • Privacy and security needs - prepared to share? • Prefer to squat or sit • Acceptability of excreta reuse • Idea of a toilet may be alien • Community needs to be involved as early as possible

  7. Design Simple pit latrine Unlined pit Mass concrete dome slab Spiral fence – no door

  8. Community involvement • Hygiene promoters: Sensitisation, allocated latrines, advice on location • Community: Decided on latrine location, dug holes and transported and placed slabs • MSF: Supplied slabs, fencing material and incentives

  9. Construction • Mass concrete slabs: • 10% slabs broken (Stage 1) • Curing • Mixing • Cement content • Placement and compaction • Water content • Increased supervision, breakage reduced to 3% • Supervision and quality control

  10. Construction • Pits: Erosion and collapse in the rainy season • Poor site selection • No protection from surface water ingress • Pit lining materials – all valuable commodities • Lack of equity compared to previous stage • Sensitisation for latrine locations and placing slabs • Pit lining should be considered at the start of a latrine programme

  11. Maintenance • Shared facility: minimal ownership • Gender issues • Time limitations • Design for and with women • Aim for family latrines • Fencing: Various options attempted • Local materials – check availability

  12. Maintenance • Complaints about flies and odour • Problems with covers • Children's latrines vs. shovels • Incentives – impact?

  13. Promotion Hygiene promoters focussed on health benefits End users focussed on convenience and privacy Market latrines based on immediate benefits to user –make into an essential item But how?

  14. Traditional alternatives Advantages and disadvantages of using traditional latrines compared to the concrete slabs installed? 5 minutes discuss and feed back

  15. Traditional alternatives • Advantages: • Cheaper? Family latrines • Manoeuvrable • Quicker • Shallower – reduced risk of groundwater contamination • Familiar technology – more sustainable

  16. Traditional alternatives • Disadvantages: • Shorter life – therefore future problems with space? • Seen as old fashioned – reduced acceptance in community • Harder to keep clean • Wood – essential for fuel, difficult to source (security, cutting restrictions) • Timber platforms in Sudan – Example

  17. Conclusions Main conclusions?

  18. Conclusions • Always get the community involved as early as possible • Availability of local resources and time may be critical aspects • Adequate supervision and QA • Market sanitation – do not rely on long term public health benefits • Distributions have to be 100% equitable • Local solutions should be explored, but may not be the most sustainable solution • Political and cultural issues may be more important than technical problems

  19. Questions?

  20. Find out more... www.msf.org.uk London Office 020 7404 6600

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