1 / 67

Cardiovascular System

Cardiovascular System. Heart: hollow muscular organ, pumps blood full of nutrients throughout the body Arteries: carry blood away from the heart Capillaries: smaller vessels, microscopic, exchange of nutrients Veins: carry blood back to the heart Venules : connect capillaries to veins.

indra
Download Presentation

Cardiovascular System

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Cardiovascular System • Heart: hollow muscular organ, pumps blood full of nutrients throughout the body • Arteries: carry blood away from the heart • Capillaries: smaller vessels, microscopic, exchange of nutrients • Veins: carry blood back to the heart • Venules: connect capillaries to veins

  2. Cardiovascular System • Pulse: the surge of blood that the heart is pumping out to your body • Venous Blood:deoxygenated blood, that is going back to the heart • Arterial Blood: Oxygenated blood, leaving the heart and going out to the body

  3. Capillaries • Microscopic vessels, join the arterial and venous system. • Thin walls • Easily exchange water, gases, molecules, metabolites, and waste

  4. Vascular System • Valves: small structures within veins that prevent the backflow of blood

  5. Heart • Pericardium: sac that encloses the heart • Tissue Layers: • Endocardium, Myocardium, epicardium

  6. Heart • Four Chambers: Right Atrium, Left Atrium, Right Ventricle, Left Ventricle

  7. Blood flow through the Heart • Superior Vena Cava and Inferior Vena Cava bring deoxygenated blood back to the heart pouring it into the Right Atrium

  8. Blood flow through the Heart • From the Right Atrium blood passes through the Tricuspid Valve and into the Right Ventricle

  9. Blood flow through the Heart • From the Right Ventricle blood is pumped through the Pulmonic Valve into the Left Pulmonary Artery and Right Pulmonary Artery and travels into the lungs

  10. Blood in the Lungs • Pulmonary Artery branches into millions of capillaries lying close to Alveolus and carbon dioxide in the blood is exchanged for oxygen

  11. Lungs to the Heart • Oxygen rich blood leaves the lungs in the Right Pulmonary Vein and Left Pulmonary Vein, these vessels pour the blood into the Left Atrium

  12. Blood flow through the Heart • From the Left Atrium blood passes through the Mitral (Bicuspid) Valve and into the Left Ventricle

  13. Blood flow away from the Heart • From the Left Ventricle blood enters into the Aorta through the Aortic Valve and out into the body

  14. Aortic Arch • 3 main branches: Brachiocephalic trunk, Left common carotid artery, Left subclavian artery

  15. Important Structures of the Heart • Interventricular Septum divides the ventricles • Apex lowest superficial part of the heart

  16. New Medical Terms • Lumen • Aort/o • Arteri/o • Atri/o • Cardi/o • My/o • Ven/o • Sept/o • Ventricul/o • Arteriol/o • Peri-

  17. Circulation of the Heart • Left Main Coronary Artery • Circumflex Coronary Artery • Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery • Right Coronary Artery

  18. How our Heart Beats • Cunduction tissue: found in the heart, spreads contraction impulses • Sinoatrial (SA) node • Atrioventricular (AV) node • Bundle of His (AV bundle) • Purkinje fibers

  19. How the Heart Beats • Sinoatrial (SA) node: the pacemaker of the heart, without being stimulated by external nerves has the ability to initiate and propagate each heartbeat. • Heart Rate: Can be altered by the Autonomic Nervous System

  20. How the Heart Beats • Each impulse discharged by the SA node is transmitted to the Atrioventricular (AV) node this causes the atria to contract • From the AV node, impulses are send to the Bundle of His (AV bundle) which relays the impulse to the Purkinje fibers this causes the ventricles to contract

  21. How we measure it • Electrocardiograph: an instrument that records electrical impulses • P,Q,R,S, and T waves • P: Contraction of the atria • QRS: Contraction of the ventricles • T: recovery of the ventricles

  22. P, QRS, T

  23. Blood Pressure • Measures the force of the blood against the arterial walls during two phases • Systole: When the blood is forced out of the heart • Diastole: relaxation phase when the ventricles are filling with blood • 120/80 mmHg

  24. Blood Pressure • Hypertension: consistently elevated blood pressure • Hypotension: decreased blood pressure

  25. Vascular System • Vasoconstriction: Lumen of the vessel contracts, resulting in decreased blood flow • Vasodilation: Lumen of the vessel relaxes, resulting in increased blood flow

  26. Cardiac Disorders • Common Sx • Angina: Chest pain • Dys/pnea: Difficulties breathing • Arrhythmias: Cardiac irregularities • Syncope: Loss of consciousness

  27. Cardiac Specialties • Cardi/o/logy: The medical specialty concerned with disorders of the cardiovascular system • Cardi/o/logist: A physician who treats these disorders

  28. Arteriosclerosis • Arteri • Scler • -Osis • Rule?

  29. Arteriosclerosis • Hardening of the arterial walls that causes them to become thickened and brittle • Atheroma: Cholesterol, lipids, cellular debris making up a plaquelike substance • Tunica Intima:artheroma builds up on the inside lining

  30. Treatment for Arteriosclerosis • Endarterectomy: Surgeon opens the site and removes the plaque • Carotid, peripheral, renal, and aortic arterial disease

  31. Other Risks of Arteriosclerosis • Thrombus: formation of a blood clot • Embolus: when the clot has dislodged and is traveling through the vascular system

  32. Other Risks of Arteriosclerosis • Emboli in the arterial circulation can lead to infarct: tissue death or may cause aneurysm: weakened vessel wall that begins to bulge

  33. 3 Types of Aneurysm

  34. Coronary Artery Disease • When the coronary arteries do not deliver an adequate supply of blood to the myocardium • Caused by arteriosclerosis • Leads to ischemia • Can lead to cell death infarction (MI, Myocardial Infarction)

  35. Sx of MI • Angina • Diaphoresis: • Pallor: • Dyspnea: • Tachycardia: • Bradycardia

  36. Treatments for Coronary Artery Disease Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA) Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG)

  37. Endocarditis • Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart and its valves • Thrombi formation or infective • May cause: • Regurgitation: Backflow of the blood • Embolus • Stenosis: narrowing of the valves • Insufficiency: valves don’t close properly

  38. Varicose Veins • Enlarged, twisted, superficial veins, resulting from incompetent valves that fail to prevent backflow of blood

  39. Vericose Veins • Varices: occurring in the esophagus • Hemorrhoids: Occurring in the rectum • Teleangiectases: “spider” veins and fine blue starburst, occurring in the reticular veins

  40. Medical Word Elements • Lumen Ven/o • Aort/o Sept/o • Arteri/o Ventricul/o • Atri/o Arteriol/o • Cardi/o Peri- • My/o • Angi/o Endo- • Aneurysm Brady- • Ather/o Tachy- • Electr/o Trans- • Embol/o • Scler/o • Thrombo/o • -stenosis

  41. Cardiac Arrest • The heart has stopped, there is no observable myocardial activity

  42. Arrhythmia • Inability of the heart to maintain a normal sinus rhythm also called dysrhythmia

  43. Arrhythmia

  44. Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) • Blood clot that forms in the deep veins of the body, primary the legs

  45. Heart Failure (HF) • Failure of the heart to supply an adequate amount of blood to tissues and organs

  46. Hypertension (HTN) • Common disorder characterized by elevated blood pressure persistently exceeding 140mmHg Systolic or 90 mmHg Diastolic

  47. Ischemia • Local and temporary deficiency of blood supply due to circulatory obstruction

  48. Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP) • The leaflets of the mitral valve prolapse into the left atrium during systole causing a murmur on auscultation

  49. Heart Auscultation

  50. Palpitation • Sensation that the heart is not beating normally, “thumping,” “fluttering,” “skipped beats,” pounding in the chest

More Related