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5.03 Fashion Math. Steps Necessary to Open and Close a Cash Drawer. Verify the opening change fund is the amount of money actually provided for the cash drawer. ***Change fund : Coins and currency designated for use in opening the register for a given day’s activity .
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Steps Necessary to Open and Close a Cash Drawer • Verify the opening change fund is the amount of money actually provided for the cash drawer. • ***Change fund: Coins and currency designated for use in opening the register for a given day’s activity. • Till: The cash drawer of a cash register.
**you will have to make a calculation • Before making any sales for the day… • Count the change fund. • Compare the actual change fund with the amount designated for the day. • Follow company procedures to record the result and to correct any difference before making sales.
Balance the cash drawer. • End of the day. • Count the cash + checks in the drawer. • Complete a closing balance report. • Opening change fund + cash received from sales – (minus) cash paid out should equal actual cash in the drawer at the end of the day. • Differences are recorded as cash short or cash over on the balance report.
Cash Sales Transactions • Determine total due from customer. ***(you do the math) • Add the retail price for each item to determine subtotal. • Calculate sales tax and add to subtotal. (**you do the math) • Sales tax: A government fee, usually a percentage of the total sale, which is added to the retail price of goods paid by the final user.
Tell customer the amount of the sale. • Repeat to customer how much they handed you (amount tendered).
Make change as necessary. • If register displays the change to be given to customer, count out the change back to them • Always place the money received from the customer on the cash drawer ledge until the transaction is completed.
Count change silently to yourself as you remove it from the till. • beginning with the largest bill and counting up to the amount of the change to be returned.
Retail Sales Terms • **Cost (Cost of merchandise sold):The amount a retailer pays the supplier for an item for resale. • Reflects wholesale price, vendor discounts/allowances, and transportation charges • ***Used to calculate Mark-up on a product
Employee discount: Set reduction in retail price given to employees at time of sales transaction. • Entices employees to buy the product they sell. • Typical discounts = ***10% to 30%.
***Extension: The result of multiplying the number of units by the cost per unit. • Final selling price: The price at which merchandise ultimately sells after all markups and/or markdowns are taken.
Gross profit: Sales revenue minus cost of merchandise sold. • Gross sales: Total revenue from sales before considering returns, allowances, or adjustments.
Initial markup:The difference between merchandise cost and the selling price originally placed on the merchandise. • **Keystone markup:A markup equal to the cost of the merchandise. Double it*** • Keystoning:Doubling the cost of the merchandise to arrive at the retail price. (***you do the math)
***Maintained markup:The difference between the total cost of the merchandise and its final selling price. • Markdown: ***Used to stimulate sales, dispose of slow moving/discontinued merchandise, meet competitors’ prices, and increase customer traffic. • ****The most common type of retail price change
Markup:An amount added to the cost of goods to reach a selling price. • Net profit: Gross profit minus total operating expenses. • Net sales: The revenue generated from sales minus sales returns and allowances. • ***Retail Price:The price the customer pays for the merchandise. • Sales income: The money made from sales minus returns.
***Basic Markup Calculations(know all of them) • When cost and dollar markup are known… Retail Price (RP) = Cost (C) + Markup (MU) • Example: Retail Price (RP)=$55.00 (C) + $45.00 (MU) Retail Price (RP) = $100.00
When retail price and markup are known… Cost (C) = Retail Price (RP) – Markup (MU) Example: Cost (C) = $100.00 (RP) - $45.00 (MU) Cost (C) = $55.00
When retail price and cost are known… Markup (MU) = Retail Price (RP) – Cost (C) • Example: Markup (MU) = $100.00 (RP) - $55.00 (C) Markup (MU) = $45.00
Markup percent based on retail price • Used by most department and fashion specialty stores • Markup % (MU%) = Markup (MU) ÷ Retail Price (RP) • Example: Markup % (MU%) = [$200 (RP) - $105 (C)] ÷$200 (RP) Markup % (MU%) = $95 (MU) ÷ $200 (RP) Markup % (MU%) = .475 or 47.5%
Markup percent based on cost • Used by some small businesses • Markup % (MU%) = Markup (MU) ÷ Cost (C) • Example: Markup % (MU%) = [$210 (RP) - $120 (C)] ÷$120 (C) Markup % (MU%) = $90 (MU) ÷ $120 (C) Markup % (MU%) = .75 or 75% • ***Know how to change a % to decimal.
Reasons for ***Marking Down Retail Price Buying errors Pricing errors Special sales Broken assortments Reduction of goods in stock
Calculate Markdown(***know how to calculate) Markdown (MD) = Retail Price (RP) X Markdown percentage (MD%) • Example: Markdown (MD)=$195.00 (RP) X 30% (MD%) Markdown (MD) = $58.50
The “New” Retail Price (after a markdown is taken) = Original retail price (RP) – Markdown (MD) Example: “New” Retail Price (RP) = $195 (RP) - $58.50 (MD) “New” Retail Price (RP) = $136.50
Markdown Percentage • Calculated for a specific time period • Expressed as a percentage of net sales, which cannot be calculated until the merchandise is sold • Used in planning and forecasting Markdown % (MD%) = Dollar Markdown (DMD) ÷ Net Sales (NS) Example: Markdown % (MD%) = $10,000 (DMD) ÷ $550,000 (NS) Markdown % = .01818 or 1.8%