Changes to the class…

2. Changes to the class… What people said: Most things were 50/50 (Socratic Seminars, projects, groups, etc) From your suggestions… You may choose which style of notes you take in class (Cornell, outline, etc) I will ask for an answer to the OBJECTIVE at the end of class Changes to the Basics: NO more significant statements required!

3. Imperialism “The takeover of a country or territory by a stronger nation with the intent of dominating the political, economic, and social life of the people of that nation.”

4. Why did Europeans believe they should/could take over countries around the world? What were their motives? Is Imperialism MORE beneficial or MORE harmful to the country being taken over? List pros and cons and then answer the question.

5. What is the difference between an Imperialism and Colonialism?

6. What is the difference between an Imperialism and Colonialism? Imperialism: " the policy of extending the rule or authority of an empire or nation over foreign countries, or of acquiring and holding colonies and dependencies." Colonialism: "the control or governing influence of a nation over a dependent country, territory, or people."

7. In other words… Colonialism can be considered a type of Imperialism.

8. Why did countries imperialize?

9. Why did countries imperialize? • 1. Political Reasons • 2. Economic Reasons • 3. Exploratory Reasons • 4. Religious Reasons • 5. Ideological Reasons

10. *Why did countries imperialize? • 1. Political Reasons • Balance of Power • Prestige • Military victories (heroic)

11. 2. Economic Reasons • Industrialization: • Need raw materials • new markets/ opportunities • Cheap Labor • Investment Opportunities

12. 3. Exploratory Reasons • Adventure • Hunting • Exploring • Medical Research • Scientific Research

13. 4. Religious Reasons • Christianize the “savages” • Why did the Europeans think the Africans were savages? • Protect the missionaries • Bring civilization so that the Africans could understand Christianity

14. 5. Ideological Reasons • The belief that the Europeans were superior to other cultures (social Darwinism) • When Europeans arrived and Africans did not want Industrialization, the Europeans assumed it was because the Africans were lesser than the Europeans • Europeans viewed other people as children (Paternalism)

15. Social Darwinism and “White Man’s Burden” • “Social Darwinism” • A Pseudo (fake) science stolen from the ideas of Charles Darwin • Charles Darwin argued that there was a “survival of the fittest” on Earth and some animals were better at adapting than others • Social Darwinism (racist idea) agued that Europeans had advanced technologically—so therefore Europeans were better

16. “White Man’s Burden” • Believed that it was the “White Man’s Burden” to bring “civilization” to the world

17. Take up the White Man's burden— Send forth the best ye breed--Go bind your sons to exile To serve your captives' need; To wait in heavy harness, On fluttered folk and wild--Your new-caught, sullen peoples, Half-devil and half-child. Take up the White Man's burden--In patience to abide, To veil the threat of terror and check the show of pride; By open speech and simple, An hundred times made plain To seek another's profit, and work another's gain. Take up the White Man's burden--And reap his old reward: The blame of those ye better, The hate of those ye guard--The cry of hosts ye humour (Ah, slowly!) toward the light:--"Why brought he us from bondage, Our loved Egyptian night?”

18. Questions from the poem • 1.How does he refer to a Colonist? • 2.What does he think of the intellectual ability of a Colonist? • 3.Why would the people the Imperialists “bettered” blame the Imperialists? • 4.Why would those who are “guarded” by the kind Imperialists be hateful towards them?

19. How? How did the Industrialized countries like England take over other countries around the world?

20. Inventions • Transportation • Trains speed of 35 m.p.h • Steamships

21. Weapons • Maxim Gun, first automatic machine gun • fired hundreds of bullets per minute

22. Communication • Telegraph • Lay wire on sea floor to connect countries

23. Cinchona Medicine • Quinine, protects against malaria • Malaria was called the “White mans’ grave” • People who lived there got sick, which lead to immunity • Quinine does not cure-it is a protection • Made from sap from a tree in S. America

24. Make a chart like this in your notes (full sheet of paper)

25. Africa

26. Fill out Africa Map

27. Africa before Imperialists • Diversity! • over 1,000 languages • Villages AND empires • large Christian, Muslim and Traditionalist religions • Advanced trade systems all across Africa • Advanced farming, tool building and hunting techniques • Guess: What kind of government systems did they have?

28. The West Coast of Africa • Known by Europeans as the “gold” coast • Had over 25 kingdoms/city-states spread throughout the coast • Trade between kingdoms was an important part of the economy • Also had trade agreements with Sudanese in Eastern Africa • Some tribal warfare existed • The Kingdom of Ghana at one time was one of the wealthiest in the world!

29. Europeans enter the scene 1400’s (AD) • They only could build forts on the coasts because of disease and strong African armies • Wanted slaves and refueling stations to reach Asia

30. El Mina Slave Castle

39. Play movie clip European_Imperialism_in_Africa (DHS-Unit 4-Imperialism in Africa) http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/9539-when-civilizations-end-european-imperialism-in-africa-video.htm

40. Explorers enter Africa first: Dr. David Livingstone • Goal= bring “Christianity, commerce and civilization” • Took 3 trips into the interior of Africa between 1841-73 • Wrote travel-adventure books • Made Africa into an adventure area

43. Henry Stanley • Newspaper writer sent in to “find” Livingstone • Teamed up with King Leopold II of Belgium to extract resources from the Congo • Originally said their goal was to bring Western Civilization to Africa • Ended up enslaving the Congolese people

44. Scramble for Africa

46. Scramble for Africa • Started by King Leopold II of Belgium • Conquered the Congo Basin, to “end slave trade” • But…brutally forced Africans to collect wild rubber

47. Leopold and the Congo • Rubber became the #1 resource extracted from the Congo • Why was this needed in Europe? • Leopold did this ALONE without the backing of Belgium • His corporation went bankrupt (yet he remained rich) • To get out of debt he borrowed money from the Belgium government and in return they would inherit the land of the Congo when he died.

50. $$$$ • Wealth discovered—minerals and cash crops • Minerals (Gold, Diamonds, Tin, Copper, Uranium, etc.) • Diamonds in South Africa in 1867 • Gold in South Africa in 1886 • Cash Crops (Peanuts, Palm oil, rubber, tobacco, cocoa, etc.) • What is the problem with cash crops?