Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Network in Hostile Environments

1. Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Network in Hostile Environments PhD Student : Kashif Saghar Supervisors: William Henderson David Kendall

2. Outline • Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) and Routing • Formal Modelling • Challenges & Security Issues in WSN • Research Aim • Research Method • Progress

3. WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK (WSN)

4. WSN COMMUNICATION ARCHITECTURE Routing

5. WHY WSN ARE DIFFERENT? • Fault Tolerance • Scalability • Density • Hardware Constraints • Cost • Power Consumption • WSN Topology

6. ROUTING IN WSN • Cost • Energy-efficiency • Latency • Mobility • Distribution density • Scalability • Quality of Service (QoS)

7. SECURITY ISSUES IN WSN • Broadcast Nature • Limited Resources • Unattended • Hostile Environment

8. AIM AND OBJECTIVES • AIM/Purpose • "Attacks on Wireless Sensor Networks, having limited resources, can be successfully resisted at the Network Layer." • Primary Assumptions • Confidentiality and Authentication Scheme is present at Link Layer • Sink is a highly resourced node • Nodes do not have any special hardware • The approximate time to compromise a node is known in advance • Nodes can be placed by any means (Random, Regular) • Attacker is very Powerful

9. WSN ATTACKS CONSIDERED • Wormhole • Two colluding nodes • A node at one end of the wormhole advertises high quality link to the base station • Another node at the other end receives the attracted packets • Two Laptops or Normal Nodes • Black hole • Selective Forwarding • Fail Encryption or via Wormhole • Sink hole • Node attract all traffic around by making itself attractive to all nodes with in range e.g. Laptop • Fail Encryption or via Wormhole • Insider Attack • Get into network by node compromise or false node

10. LIST OF SOME WSN ATTACKS • Spoofing • False Injection or Path-base Denial of Service • Black hole or Selective forwarding • Sinkhole attacks • Sybil attacks • Wormholes • Jamming • Eavesdropping • Traffic Analysis Attack • Insider Attack (Compromised Node) • False Node and malicious data • Rushing Attack • Stealthy Attack • Hello Flood Attack

11. LITERATURE REVIEW ANALYSIS

12. DESIGN PHASES

13. TECHNIQUES AVAILABLE • Formal Modelling • WSN Simulation • Empirical Testing

14. FORMAL MODELLING • Assumptions become clear • Can check Best cases and Worst Cases easily • Inform about boundaries of protocol behaviour • Liveliness and Safety properties • Rarely used in analysis of previous protocols • Main Advantages over Simulation and Empirical Testing: • No need to build a prototype of the system • Able to verify the system against every single execution trace (Hidden Errors) • Shortcomings • High Resources Required for detailed model • Scalability, Density, Topology • Subset of Model can be checked • Expertise Required • Uncertainty

15. UPPAL MODEL OF DESIGN (SETUP)

16. VERIFICATION USING UPPAAL • Theorem1: Model never deadlocks • Theorem2: All nodes get the correct level • Theorem3: The levels of nodes are not changed once all nodes get the correct • Theorem4: A node in INIT mode means it has not yet been assigned a level • Theorem5: A node always gets a level and gets out of INIT mode

17. MESSAGE SEQUENCE DIAGRAM

18. SIMULATION • Level of simulator (High, Low, Bit Level) • Usual Workability • Scalability • Effect of Topology • Effect of Density • Vary environment conditions • Shortcomings • Ideal cases are checked only • Hidden Errors

21. CURRENT AND FUTURE WORK • Current Work • Formal specifications of design • Future Work • Formal Model and Verification • Simulation of complete protocol • Simulation of Attacks • Additional/Optional Work • Implementation in Real Hardware

22. Questions