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Microstrip Transmission Line Design with Left-Handed Material Properties

Microstrip Transmission Line Design with Left-Handed Material Properties. Final Presentation ECE 445 Group 39 Xu Chen · Brian Boerman. Introduction. Project based on research by C. Caloz and T. Itoh at UCLA

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Microstrip Transmission Line Design with Left-Handed Material Properties

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  1. Microstrip Transmission Line Design with Left-Handed Material Properties Final Presentation ECE 445 Group 39 Xu Chen · Brian Boerman

  2. Introduction • Project based on research by C. Caloz and T. Itoh at UCLA • “Transmission Line Approach of Left-Handed (LH) Materials and Microstrip Implementation of an Artificial LH Transmission Line”, May 2004, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation

  3. Metamaterials • A class of composites that exhibit exceptional properties not readily found in nature

  4. Left-Handed Materials • A type of metamaterial with simultaneous negative permittivity and permeability, and a negative index of refraction • First proposed in 1968 by Veselago • Left-handed refers to the Left Hand Triad (E, H, k) obtained from Maxwell equations • Science magazine listed LH materials as one of the ten greatest scientific breakthroughs in 2003

  5. Transmission Line Approach to LH Materials

  6. Transmission Line Approach to LH Materials

  7. Characteristics of the Line • Characteristic Impedance • For regular transmission lines, Where Z is the impedance of the series items and Y is the admittance of the parallel items

  8. Characteristics of the Line • Wavenumber

  9. Characteristics of the Line • Velocity of Propagation

  10. Objective • To design a microstrip transmission line that would exhibit properties of Left-Handed (LH) materials • To simulate the design and prove the LH properties • To test the physical board and verify the results

  11. Original Design • Design for 2 GHz • Calculations show: • Series capacitance = 12.8 pF • Shunt inductance = 32 nH • 5 capacitor/inductor sections • Assume ideal transmission lines • Transmission lines are designed to have characteristics impedance of 50

  12. Design Principles • In order to design the dual of an ordinary transmission line, shunt inductance and series capacitance must be used • This is achieved through the use of interdigitated capacitors and through loop inductors • Design is done in Sonnet

  13. Interdigitated Capacitors

  14. Through Loop Inductors

  15. Design Process • To achieve desired values of C and L, dimensions of the interdigitated capacitor and through loop inductor are varied • Since the elements cannot be measured up-close at high frequencies, two segments of transmission lines are added to the sides • S-parameters of the whole system (line - L/C - line) as well as the standalone line is generated using Sonnet • S-parameters of the inductor or capacitor can be extracted through de-embedding

  16. ABCD Parameters • ABCD parameters were used for de–embedding of components • Utilized because ABCD parameters can be cascaded

  17. Capacitor testing • Capacitor tested using B element of de-embedded ABCD parameters • The B element of a series element is equal to the impedance of that element • “B”

  18. Inductor testing • Inductor tested using the C element of the de-embedded parameters • The C element is equal to the admittance of a parallel element • “C” =

  19. Challenges • Specifications set forth by the circuit board manufacturer minimum spacing, minimum line width, through hole diameter • Capacitor value fell short of 12.8 pF goal • Original capacitor design is not good because parasitic inductance takes over at high frequencies - resonance point

  20. Review of Design • Necessary to have 50 ohm characteristic impedance, so or

  21. Review of Design • Cutoff frequency • High pass network, so cutoff frequency must be below some minimum value to have good operation over specified range

  22. New design • Capacitor value of 2.662pF • Inductor value of 6.286nH

  23. New Design • Characteristic Impedance

  24. Simulations in HSPICE

  25. Simulations in HSPICE

  26. Applications • New types of beam steerers, modulators, band-pass filters, superlenses, microwave components, and antennas

  27. Microwave Applications • Dual-band Branch-line Coupler • Zeroth Order Resonator Antenna • Backfire-to-Endfire Leaky-Wave Antenna • Planar Negative Refractive Index Lens

  28. Thanks To • Professor Cangellaris • Adam Gustafson • Professor Swenson • Jim Wehmer

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