1 / 10

Alcohols: Characteristics, Preparation, and Usage

Learn about the main characteristics of alcohols, how they are prepared, their reactions, and various uses in industry and daily life, including as solvents, raw materials, and for drinking. Includes vocabulary and fun facts.

ilana
Download Presentation

Alcohols: Characteristics, Preparation, and Usage

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Jitka Škopová & Radek Marták ALCOHOLS

  2. Main characteristics: Contains-OH  hydroxyl group • Common formula is R-OH • alcohols: R is alkyl group (e. g. methyl, ethyl...) • phenols: R is aryl (e. g. phenyl) • Depending on C, where the -OH group is bonded: • primary alcohol: R-OH • secondary alcohol: R2-CHOH • tertiary alcohols: R3COH- divided by the count of -OH • monohydric – contain 1x –OH group • polyhydric: 2x, 3x… -OH group • polyhydric alcohol sever H2O to form ketone

  3. Overview of alcoholes

  4. How to prepare an alcohol? • From natural resources: • ethanol is formedby the fermentation of sugarand then is distilled from a mixture (mostly methanol and ethanol) • Industrial production: • from unsaturatedhydrocarbons = water addition on thedouble bond (catalyzeby H2SO4or H3PO4):

  5. Some preparations

  6. Some reactions • main reaction is nucleophilic substitution • example of oxidation

  7. Usage • as a solvent in industry • raw material for other preparations • e. g. ethanol can be very ecological fuel to engines in the future (but it bond with water and it cause corrosion, however we can dispatch this) • they are very extended in nature in ester forms (e. g. fat, wax, resin etc.) • cleaning liquids • sources of light and solid ethanol for cooking on holidays

  8. And well-known usage is… • DRINKING  • e. g. 10° beer has about 4% vol. of alcohol • e. g. wine has about 12% vol. of alcohol • e. g. tequila has about 38% vol. of alcohol • e. g. absinth has about 75% vol. of alcohol But you know this numbers, don‘t you? Oh, but drinking alone is called alcoholism, so becareful…

  9. Vocabulary: • monohydric, polyhydric – jedno (více) sytný • fermentation – kvašení • raw material – výchozí produkt • wax – vosk • resin – pryskyřice • dispatch – odstranit • tequila – tequila (Velice dobrá lihovina. Pije se buď s citronem a solí, nebo skořicí a pomerančem .)

  10. Děkujem za pozornostnashledanou Bye, bye

More Related