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Electron Configurations and Lewis Dot Diagrams

Electron Configurations and Lewis Dot Diagrams. Electron Configurations. Electrons are key players in chemical bonding. To predict how atoms will bond, we use a configuration. These show how the electrons are arranged around the nucleus Electrons are arranged in shells, levels or orbitals

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Electron Configurations and Lewis Dot Diagrams

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  1. Electron Configurations and Lewis Dot Diagrams

  2. Electron Configurations Electrons are key players in chemical bonding. To predict how atoms will bond, we use a configuration. These show how the electrons are arranged around the nucleus • Electrons are arranged in shells, levels or orbitals How do we know how many electrons an atom has? • Different levels can hold different numbers of electrons: level 1-can hold 2 electrons level 2-can hold 8 electrons level 3-can hold 18 electrons • Note: There are more levels or obitals-formula to determine the amount of electrons in each level is 2n2

  3. Helium-has 2 electrons

  4. Oxygen

  5. Neon

  6. Chlorine

  7. Valence Electrons • The electrons on the outer shell/level are called valence electrons. • Bonding between atoms occurs between valence electrons in atoms. • An atom with a full outer shell will be stable-will not bond with other atoms. Example: Argon-has 8 valence electrons Example: Neon-has 8 valence electrons

  8. Lewis Structures • Find your element on the periodic table. • Determine the number of valence electrons. • This is how many electrons you will draw.

  9. Lewis Structures • Find out which group (column) your element is in. • This will tell you the number of valence electrons your element has. • You will only draw the valence electrons. www.chem4kids.com

  10. Groups - Review Group 8 = 8 electrons Group 1 = 1 electron Except for He, it has 2 electrons Group 2 = 2 electrons • Each column is called a “group” 3,4,5,6,7 • Each element in a group has the same number of electrons in their outer orbital, also known as “shells”. • The electrons in the outer shell are called “valence electrons” www.chem4kids.com

  11. Lewis Structures • Write the element symbol. • Carbon is in the 4th group, so it has 4 valence electrons. • Starting at the right, draw 4 electrons, or dots, counter-clockwise around the element symbol. C

  12. Practice: Draw an electron configuration and Lewis Dot Diagram • Boron • Lithium • Nitrogen • Aluminum • Calcium

  13. Groups on the Periodic Table • Group 1-has 1 valence electron • Group 2-has 2 valence electrons • Groups 3-12-have 2 or more valence electrons • Group 13-has 3 valence electrons • Group 14-has 4 valence electrons • Group 15-has 5 valence electrons • Group 16-has 6 valence electrons • Group 17-has 7 valence electrons • Group 18-has 8 valence electrons (except Helium)

  14. Arrangement showing valence electrons

  15. When you take high school chemistry, you will learn more about the orbitals and how electrons are distributed around the nucleus. You will also learn how to write the configurations: 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 3d 10

  16. The periodic table is also organized to show electron distribution

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