Presentation Transcript

1. English for TaxAdministration 1

   Lecturer: Miljen Matijašević G10, room 6/I, Tue 11:30-12:30 e-mail: miljen.matijasevic@gmail.com Session 5, 19 Nov 2013
2. Today’s session Revision of the previous sessions Vocabulary exercises Revision questions Translation practice The Article
3. Revision Separation of Powers Legal Systems Sources and Varieties of English Law Statute Law in Britain
4. purpose – conduct – impose – neglect – infraction – conform – enforce – coercion _______ is another word for duress, whichmeansforcingsomeone to do something. Law is a systemofruleswithacertainsocial _______. Failure to _______ tothelawmayleadtopenalties. Whenyoubreakthelaw, this is called a(n) _______. Thelegislatureenactslawsandthecourts _______ them. Laws are _______ bygovernments. Theyalsoreservetheright to punish _______ whichcanbeinterpreted as _______, whichmeansdisregard, or violationofthelaw.
5. purpose – conduct – impose – neglect – infraction – conform – enforce – coercion COERCION is another word for duress, whichmeansforcingsomeone to do something. Law is a systemofruleswithacertainsocial PURPOSE. Failure to CONFORM to thelawmayleadtopenalties. Whenyoubreakthelaw, this is called a(n) INFRACTION. Thelegislatureenactslawsandthecourts ENFORCE them. Laws are IMPOSED bygovernments. Theyalsoreservetheright to punish CONDUCT whichcanbeinterpreted as NEGLECT, whichmeansdisregard, or violationofthelaw.
6. common – remedy – source – precedent – enacted – treaty – substantive – extradition _______ is a matterofinternationalcriminallaw. Equityprovides alternative legal _______ to thoseof _______ lawcourts. _______ law is theoppositeofprocedural (adjectival) law. Commonlawcanrefer to the legal system or only one offour _______ ofEnglishlaw. Signinginternational _______ is a matterofinternationalpubliclaw. TheEnglishlawincludeslawsbased on customs, judicial _______ andlaws _______ byParliament.
7. common – remedy – source – precedent – enacted – treaty – substantive – extradition EXTRADITION is a matterofinternationalcriminallaw. Equityprovides alternative legal REMEDIES to thoseof COMMON lawcourts. SUBSTANTIVE law is theoppositeofprocedural (adjectival) law. Commonlawcanrefer to the legal system or only one offour SOURCES ofEnglishlaw. Signinginternational TREATIES is a matterofinternationalpubliclaw. TheEnglishlawincludeslawsbased on customs, judicial PRECEDENTS andlaws ENACTED byParliament.
8. Complete the text with appropriate words The four sources of English law are common law, e_________ , s________ law and EU law. Common law was introduced after the invasion of the Norman French in __________ (year!). The following areas of law are considered public law: a__________ law, c__________ law, c__________ law and r__________ law.
9. Complete the text with appropriate words The four sources of English law are common law, equity, statute law and EU law. Common law was introduced after the invasion of the Norman French in 1066 (year!). The following areas of law are considered public law: administrative law, constitutional law, criminal law and revenue law.
10. Complete the text with appropriate words The British Parliament consists of the s__________ (the Queen), the House of __________ , and the House of __________ . They debate b __________ and if both Houses approve, the Queen must give the R_________ A__________ before it can become an A________ of Parliament.
11. Complete the text with appropriate words The British Parliament consists of the sovereign (the Queen), the House of Commons, and the House of Lords. They debate bills and if both Houses approve, the Queen must give the Royal Assent before it can become an Act of Parliament.
12. Revision questions (Statute Law) What is HerMajesty’s Government? What is the Queen inParliament? Who are MPsandpeers? What are thetwotasksthe Queen performsinParliament? WhydoestheCommonshave more power? What is a billandwhattypes do youknow?
13. Translate the following paragraph The division between public and private law is considered very important in English law. Generally speaking, private law includes those areas of law involving private citizens, while public law is that area of law in which the state has a direct interest. Thus public law is generally considered to consist of administrative and constitutional law. Revenue law and criminal law might be added to this. But still there remains some ambiguity, as for example in the case of an ordinary civil action (breach of contract) against a public authority.
14. Translation (example) Podjela na javno i privatno pravo smatra se veoma važnom u engleskom pravu. Općenito govoreći, privatno pravo uključuje ona područja prava koja se tiču privatnih osoba, dok je javno pravo područje prava u kojem država ima izravan interes. Stoga se općenito smatra da javno pravo uključuje upravno i ustavno pravo. Tu možemo dodati porezno i kazneno pravo. No još uvijek postoje nejasnoće, kao u primjeru obične građanske parnice (kršenje ugovora) pokrenute protiv javnog tijela.
15. The Article (a, an, the, Ø)
16. Classification of NOUNS ABSTRACT love, knowledge, fear, patience CONCRETE wood, computer, shoe, book COUNTABLE – singular, plural UNCOUNTABLE – singular
17. The Article
18. The Indefinite Article ‘a, an’ The indefinite article generally means ‘one’ or ‘any’, e.g. I saw a (one) girl in the park. Please, give me a (any) pen. We use it when we introduce something mentioned for the first time, as long as it is a concrete and countable noun in singular; Discuss these examples: I bought sugar, biscuits and an apple. He wanted power, not money. A student left the room. The student was crying.
19. The Indefinite Article ‘a, an’ 1. I boughtsugar, biscuitsandanapple. Only ‘apple’ is a singular, concreteandcountablenoun. ‘Sugar’ is concrete but uncountable, ‘biscuits’ is concreteandcountable, but plural. 2. He wantedpower, notmoney. Power is anabstractnoun, power is a concreteuncountablenoun. 3. A student lefttheroom. The student wascrying. ‘Student’ inthefirst sentence is mentioned for thefirst time, but inthesecondthereaderknowswhich student is referred to, therefore, thedefinitearticle is used.
20. The Definite Article ‘the’ Used for all kinds of nouns when the reader knows which thing(s) or person(s) is/are referred to. They were either mentioned earlier in the text, are obvious from the context, or there is only one of it in general. Both the speaker and the interlocutor know which one is talked about. Discuss these examples: The President gave a speech. I’m afraid I lost the money you gave me. ‘Pass the salt, please!’
21. The Definite Article ‘the’ The President gave a speech. It is obvious that it is the president of the given country, and there is only one. I’m afraid I lost the money you gave me. ‘Money’ is not abstract here. It is THE money that you gave me. ‘Pass the salt, please!’ Not salt in general, but the salt on the table.
22. No article The article is omitted before abstract nouns, uncountable nouns, and plural concrete nouns used in the general sense. Discuss these examples: Women talk more than men. Love is all you need. Sugar is sweet.
23. Defining and describing Nouns are often followed by a phrase giving us more information on the noun. Generally speaking, the definite article defines the noun (which one?) and the indefinite article describes it (what kind? what like?) Look at the following examples: I saw a boy with blue eyes. I saw the girl with brown eyes.
24. Defining and describing Look at the following examples: I saw a boy with blue eyes. (I saw one boy who had blue eyes – the blue eyes are a description) I saw the girl with brown eyes. (I saw that girl with brown eyes you told me about, or – there was only one girl with brown eyes – the brown eyes define her)
25. The Article (a, the, Ø) Summary: the indefinite article ‘a’ comes from the word ‘one’ and, therefore, cannot stand with a plural noun or with an uncountable noun (it can often be replaced by ‘one’ or ‘any’) the definite article ‘the’ does not depend on the number or countability. It denotes a specific concept, person or thing (it can often be replaced by ‘this’ or ‘that’, or sometimes ‘all’). the zero article is used with general plural or uncountable nouns, or with abstract nouns used in general terms
26. Exercise 1 Discuss the difference in the meaning of the noun in the following pairs of sentences: 1. I ate a sandwich. I ate the sandwich. 2. A man you love was there. The man you love was there. 3. There is a Mr. Jones here to see you. There is Mr. Jones here to see you.
27. Exercise 1 – answers 1. I ate a sandwich. (one sandwich) I ate the sandwich. (the sandwich you know about) 2. A man you love was there. (you love many men, one of them was there) The man you love was there. (you love one man and he was there) 3. There is a Mr. Jones here to see you. (‘some Mr. Jones’, a man called Jones, I don’t know who he is) There is Mr. Jones here to see you. (Mr. Jones is here to see you, no added meaning)
28. Exercise 2 – complete the text with articles When .... crime is first discovered, .... police often don’t know who has done it or why. Usually, though, .... person who has committed .... crime will have left some evidence of their identity at .... scene such as .... footprint, .... blood, or .... fibres from .... clothing. This evidence often forms .... basis of any case against .... suspect who .... police may take to .... court.
29. Exercise 2 – ANSWERS When A crime is first discovered, THE police often don’t know who has done it or why. Usually, though, THE person who has committed THE crime will have left some evidence of their identity at THE scene such as A footprint, / blood, or / fibres from / clothing. This evidence often forms THE basis of any case against A suspect who THE police may take to / court.
30. Thank you for your attention!