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Sedimentary structures commonly found in deep-marine environments (continental margin)

Explore the various sedimentary structures commonly found in deep-marine environments, including debris flows, turbidity flows, and fluid escape structures. Learn to differentiate between right-side-up and upside-down structures and discover how sediment gravity flow deposits can vary in density and composition.

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Sedimentary structures commonly found in deep-marine environments (continental margin)

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  1. Sedimentary structures commonly found in deep-marine environments(continental margin)

  2. Sediment gravity flow deposits— turbidity flows

  3. Right-side-up or upside-down? upside-down

  4. Right-side-up or upside-down? right-side-up

  5. Torres del Paine, Chile

  6. Point Lobos, CA

  7. 10 cm Low-density flows

  8. Lenticular and flaser bedding

  9. High-density flows

  10. Intraclasts in deposit of high-density flow

  11. Sediment-gravity flow deposits— debris flows

  12. Reversely-graded beds

  13. Clast imbrication—long axis parallel to flow

  14. Clast imbrication—long axis perpendicular to flow (in a river)

  15. Flow

  16. Erosion into underlying beds Sole marks—flutes

  17. Sole marks load casts

  18. Secondary sedimentary structures formed after deposition (sometimes only a short time after) Fluid escape structures (flames)

  19. Flame structures

  20. Dish and pillar structures

  21. Injection of sand into chert (under pressure)

  22. Soft-sediment deformation

  23. Convoluted beds (syn-sedimentary folds) Pigeon Point, CA

  24. “S” fold (synsedimentary)

  25. Convoluted beds—how to tell they’re synsedimentary?

  26. Concretion

  27. Thick sequence of basinal mud

  28. Escape structures Bioturbation in shallow water Ophiomorpha Skolithos

  29. Ichnofacies Skolithus

  30. Opiomorpha (Ichnofacies Skolithus)

  31. Thalassionoides (hard substrate)

  32. Foraging trails Bioturbation in deep water

  33. Ichnofacies Cruziana

  34. Ichnofacies Nereites(?)

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