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Knowledge Sharing About Climate Change Related Food Insecurity in the Arctic

Knowledge Sharing About Climate Change Related Food Insecurity in the Arctic. Objectives: ways of knowing about Arctic climate change tools for assessing the use of Inuit knowledge.

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Knowledge Sharing About Climate Change Related Food Insecurity in the Arctic

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  1. Knowledge Sharing About Climate Change Related Food Insecurity in the Arctic Objectives: ways of knowing about Arctic climate change tools for assessing the use of Inuit knowledge Project Partners:Rachel Hirsch, York University, Toronto Gwen Healey, Qaujigiartiit Health Research Centre, Iqaluit

  2. Northwest Passage, September 2007 (Source: NASA Images)

  3. Photographer: Rahabi Kamookak (Gjoa Haven)

  4. Key Impacts on Northern Communities(Government of Canada Report: From Impacts to Adaptation, Furgal & Prowse, 2008) • changes in the cryosphere • e.g., ice roads, containment ponds • biodiversity shifts • e.g., migration patterns, invasion • maintenance of traditional ways of life • e.g., subsistence, movement on land/ice

  5. Canada’s Domestic Action: Northern Climate Change Adaptation Government of Canada • “assessing key vulnerabilities and health impacts related to climate change in Northern / Inuit populations” • “disseminating management tools for adaptation” www.climatechange.gc.ca Indian and Northern Affairs Canada • subsidized food mail program (since 1960s); evaluative surveys (2001-2003)

  6. Research Agenda: Climate Change Policy Imperatives for the Canadian Arctic Vulnerability Resiliency State of the Arctic Community Health and Well-being Policy Actions

  7. Case Example: Climate Change Related Food Security in Nunavut “I will say as an example that traditional food is, of course, the best in terms of consumption of food in the north, because [we’re] used to it. And traditional food, there’s no bad food in that sense. But since the introduction of southern foods, there’s all kinds of choices now … just look at the stores, I can give you an example of one store, a little store that has aisles and aisles of stuff. I can’t even say that they’re food. They’re stuff. But you consume through your mouth, but they’re not really healthy at all. They’re just all junk food.” -- Participant #6 (Healey, 2006)

  8. Canada’s Domestic Action: Northern Climate Change Adaptation and Health 2008-2009 Projects 2009-2010 Projects 2010-2011 Projects Health Canada Climate Change and Health Adaptation in Northern First Nations and Inuit Communities Program (Total Funded Communities 2008-2011 = 37)

  9. Case Example: Climate Change Related Food Security in Nunavut "We’ll be seeing more of this... more machines for sale. We won’t be able to use them any more when it warms up”. • Concerns: • changed ways of hunting • inability to hunt at all • Source: Healey, Magner, Ritter, Kamookak, Aningmiuq, Issaluk, Mackenzie, Allardyce, Stockdale, & Moffit, 2010 (Accepted to Arctic). Photographer: Rahabi Kamookak (Gjoa Haven)

  10. Research Agenda: How to know about the state of the Canadian Arctic? Local Scientific Indigenous State of the Arctic Knowledge Other… Community Health and Well-being Policy Actions

  11. Multiple Ways of Knowing (Gilligan et al., 2006) • Scientific knowledge • Western/European approach; empirical analysis; researching and recording observations • Local knowledge • group and place specific; direct experience; short-term • Inuit/Inuk knowledge • “knowledge system based on tradition that is created, preserved and dispersed” (tradition = capacity for adjustment to environmental extremes) • inter-generational, interconnectivity within and between human-natural systems

  12. (Furgal, Fletcher and Dickson, 2006 for Environment Canada)

  13. Importance of Assessing Knowledge Integration in the Policy Process With whom do climate change policy stakeholders at different levels of government (e.g., regional, territorial, national) share information about specific community knowledge projects? What value is attached to different types of knowledge (Inuit, local, scientific)? How do these communications benefit or harm the community of origin?

  14. Research Question and Objectives How are multiple ways of knowing about climate change related food insecurity in Nunavut translated from research to policy? develop an evaluative tool (i.e., a protocol) for assessing information exchange based on multiple ways of knowing engage stakeholders in a dialogue (i.e., mapping exercise) of knowledge sharing about their policy stories

  15. Proposed Methods: Knowledge Network Mapping (Mertens et al., 2005) • Purpose • connect micro (individual) to macro (institutional or inter-institutional) • Benefits • understand connectivity between otherwise isolated nodes • visual illustration of relationships between nodes including information flows • identify who is involved (and who is absent) and to what extent

  16. Proposed Methods: Mapping Interviews Initial goal: develop protocol for mapping interviews • descriptive and participatory • 15+ minutes for survey plus input on procedure • questionnaire: information use, prioritization, knowledge specification (output -> knowledge map) • parallel dialogue about the nature of knowledge sharing (output -> narrative policy analysis) • bi-directional snowball sampling • begin with disseminated findings (e.g., for sale ski-doo) • info sharing; saturation • local-up, national-down

  17. Informal institutional knowledge networks Source: Chan & Liebowitz, 2006

  18. QHRC Amaruq Hunters and Trappers Committee Iqaluit Municipal Council GN: Department of Environment GN: Department of Health and Social Services Nunavut Tunngavik Inc. Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami Legend Knowledge Type local scientific mixed traditional Priority food security conservation Health Canada Indian and Northern Affairs

  19. QHRC Amaruq Hunters and Trappers Committee Iqaluit Municipal Council GN: Department of Environment GN: Department of Health and Social Services Nunavut Tunngavik Inc. Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami Legend Knowledge Type local scientific mixed traditional Priority food security conservation Health Canada Indian and Northern Affairs

  20. QHRC Amaruq Hunters and Trappers Committee Iqaluit Municipal Council GN: Department of Environment GN: Department of Health and Social Services Nunavut Tunngavik Inc. Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami Legend Knowledge Type local scientific mixed traditional Priority food security conservation Health Canada Indian and Northern Affairs

  21. Potential Contributions Theory: Is the integration of various types of knowledge (e.g., Inuit, local, scientific, etc.) possible; and, if so - how does this facilitate or constrain community participation in environment and health policy development? Method: Is rigour enhanced by first mapping the structure of institutional communications across scales and then exploring the processes underlying this knowledge exchange? Policy: What opportunities and obstacles for communicating about climate change adaptation policy development might the synthesis of these ‘policy stories’ uncover?

  22. Acknowledgements • My committee (York U): Bonnie Kettel, Martin Bunch, Karen Kraft Sloan, and Rick Bello • Collaborators: Michael Svoboda (Arctic Borderlands Ecological Knowledge Co-op), Scot Nickels (ITK), Eric Loring (ITK), Carrie Grable (ITK), Erin Meyers (FNIHB-HC), and Diane McClymont Peace (FNIHB-HC) • ArcticNet Project Member: “Integrating and Translating ArcticNet Science for Sustainable Communities and National and Global Policy and Decision-Making” (Leaders: Chris Furgal, Trent and David Hik, U of A)

  23. Adaptive Co-management Parkes & Panelli, 2001

  24. Modelling Communication: Narrative Policy Analysis (Roe, 1994) Narrative Policy Analysis • Identify the main story developed by each opposing stakeholder group • Consider any alternative stories, alterations to the current stories, or potential counter-narratives • Consider how any alternatives may be coalesced into a larger meta-narrative

  25. Modern Medicine illness orientated treated in isolation ‘how’ illness occurred natural causes Ways of Knowing: Health Risk Management(Gowda, 1999) • Aboriginal Medicine • wellness orientated • treated in family/community setting • ‘why’ illness occurred • natural and supernatural causes

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