America's Historic Transformations: From the Great Depression to the Early Cold War

1. Endgame Review VIII

2. A Brief History of Unit 8 The Great Depression – 25% of Americans unemployed Keynesian vs Austrian theories Global collapse – British gold standard, German inflation Banking crisis – Afraid of bank failure, Americans withdraw money, causing bank failure Hoover's Solution – Revenue Act, Nat'l Credit Assoc. Hoovervilles, Hoover flags, Hoover blankets Bonus Army invades DC, Japanese Army invades China

3. FDR 100 Days – 15 new laws 3R's, Brain trust: underconsumption/overproduction Emergency Banking Relief – FDIC Cuts veteran benefits, ends Prohibition AAA, CCC, FERA, PWA, TVA, NIRA, etc. New Deal II – ERAB: $4B in new spending Wagner Act – guaranteed right to organize Social Security Act – old age/unemployment insurance 1937 Depression – backslides SCOTUS dismantling much of New Deal HUAC roots out “Communists” Republicans refuse new spending – New Deal fails

4. World War II Europe – Germany invades Poland Sept 1939; France/Belgium spring 1940; Battle of Britain summer/fall 1940; USSR 1941 Pacific – Pearl Harbor attacked Dec 7 1941; US declares war, Germany declares war on US Germany First – FDR unsure of American commitment to fight in Europe; invades North Africa, Sicily, Italy, then France; Russia rolls in; Hitler kills himself April 1945; Germany surrenders

5. Pacific and Home Fronts Island Hopping – US bypasses unimportant islands as the Navy drives toward Japan; 2 nuclear bombs later, Japan surrenders Sept 1945 Homefront – racial and social tensions Women – worked in factories, maintained homes African-Americans – dealt with prejudice and discrimination in work and army Japanese-Americans – internment camps because they were freaking out white people

6. Early Cold War and Truman Constant war – America must remain engaged New defense establishment – Pentagon, CIA, NSC UN and NATO – first military alliances in peacetime Truman harsher with USSR than FDR: • Containment – keep communism from spreading • Germany/Berlin and Korea divided Truman Doctrine – contain communism anywhere Marshall Plan - $13B poured into Europe to fix Fair Deal – Truman's social policies End segregation, accept immigrants, and promote civil rights Federal spending on education, housing, SS, etc. Nearly loses him the 1948 election