1 / 60

DO NOW

DO NOW. Do you eat breakfast? Why do they say it is the most important meal of the day? What is the purpose of eating?. Nutrition & Digestion. Why we eat. Provide our body with nutrients Nutrients

huslu
Download Presentation

DO NOW

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. DO NOW • Do you eat breakfast? • Why do they say it is the most important meal of the day? • What is the purpose of eating?

  2. Nutrition & Digestion

  3. Why we eat • Provide our body with nutrients • Nutrients • Substances in foods that provide energy and materials for cell development, growth, and repair • REVIEW FROM LIVING VS. NON-LIVING: • Provides the energy to carry out life functions!!

  4. Types of Nutrients • Carbohydrates • Proteins • Fats • Vitamins • Minerals • Water

  5. 1. Carbohydrates • Main sources of energy for our bodies • Contain organic elements: • Carbon • Hydrogen • Oxygen • Energy is released from carbohydrates through cellular respiration

  6. REVIEW FROM CELLS: Where does cellular respiration occur??

  7. 3 Types of Carbohydrates • Sugar • Cells use sugar in the form of glucose (C6H12O6) • Fruits, honey, milk COMPLEX SUGARS • Starch  Body breaks this down into glucose • Potatoes and Pasta • Cellulose  Body cannot break this down • Found in plant cell walls

  8. 2. Proteins • Body uses proteins for growth and replacement/repair of body cells • Made up of amino acids • Subunits, or building blocks of proteins • Our bodies need 20 amino acids to carry on cell processes • Our body can make 12 of the amino acids we need for our cells • The remaining 8 we cannot make and are called ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS

  9. How do we receive the other 8 Amino Acids if our body cannot produce them? WE EAT TO GET THEM!

  10. Do Now • List healthy three sources of • Carbs • Proteins • Fats

  11. 3. Fats • Fats are necessary for our bodies • Provide energy to help our bodies absorb vitamins • Gram for gram, fats release 2x’s as much energy as carbohydrates release • NEGATIVE: • Too much fat stored builds up in blood vessels • Causes high blood pressure and reduces the supply of blood to the organs • Heart disease or stroke may result

  12. Two Types of Fats SATURATED: Red Meats, Butter, Cheese • Associated with high levels of cholesterol • Too much causes excess fat deposits to form UNSATURATED: Usually come from Plants • Corn, Sunflower, and Soybean Oils • Poultry, Fish, and Nuts

  13. 4. Vitamins • Organic nutrients in small quantities that help our bodies use other nutrients • Promote growth and regulate body functions • Vitamins A & D – Milk • Vitamin B & K – Vegetables • Vitamin C – Fruits • Vitamin A – Carrots • Vitamin E – Nuts

  14. 5. Minerals • Inorganic nutrients used for body functions, growth, and regulation • Common Uses for Minerals: • Strong bones and teeth (Calcium / Phosphorus) • Blood clotting (Calcium) • Muscle and nerve activity (Calcium / Phosphorus) • Hemoglobin in RBC’s carries oxygen (Iron)

  15. 6. Water • Human body is approximately 70-75% water by weight • Needed to carry dissolved nutrients in the body • Our bodies need 2L of liquid water each day • Many foods contain water, so you do not have to drink that much each day. • Ex – Apple is 80% water ; Most meat is 90% water

  16. Interesting Facts… • Blood is approximately 90% water • Not drinking enough water causes it to be pulled from the blood, which makes the blood thicker and harder to pump • Drinking less water promotes excessive weight gain • Fat cells will not be transported as easily causing them to build up • With less water the body cannot use the energy stored in the fat cells causing an increase in the amount within your body = weight gain • Water is an appetite suppressant

  17. Do Now • Why is water so important for nutrition and the human body’s function? • Too much of a good thing can be bad…Explain why fats can be both good and bad. • How many essential amino acids do we need and how do we acquire them?

  18. Food Journal Assignment: Due Friday 2/28 • You are going to keep a DETAILED log of what you eat for 1 full day (this includes all snacks). On loose-leaf. • This log must include portion sizes (how many servings you had) Chances are one bowl of cereal for you is more than one serving of cereal and one serving of milk • Write 2 paragraphs describing • What types of food you ate the most of. • What nutrients are in those foods. • What nutrients you may not be getting enough of, or too much of. • What changes you could make to improve your diet. • How much water you drink vs. how much you need.

  19. Why Eat? Food is needed to make Energy for life. This amount of energy is measured in Calories. Unused calories of energy are stored in our fat cells for later. Eat 2000 Calories of food. Use 1000 Calories of energy. 1000 Calories will be stored in fat.

  20. Calorie (food’s energy) The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water 1 degree celsius.

  21. Daily Caloric Requirements Male, aged 11-14 - 2800 Female, aged 11-14 - 2400 Male, aged 15-18 - 3000 Female aged 15-18 - 2100 1940 calories per day for women and 2550 for men Why does age 15-18 require more calories?

  22. Exercise: Calories per hour 1. How many hours would you have to run to burn up 1,400 calories? 2 . Which exercise burns the most calories? 3. You just ate 450 calories of candy, which exercise could you do for 1 hour to burn the same amount of calories? Running: 700 Bicycling: 370 Skating: 450 Jogging: 600

  23. Digestive System

  24. Why Digest? Carbohydrates, proteins and fats are too big to be absorbed into our bloodstream. Foods have to be broken down by enzymes before they are small enough to be absorbed.

  25. Functions of the Digestive System Ingest: Food enters the body. Food contains nutrients needed for metabolism (chemical reactions). Digest: Breaking down the food so cells can absorb the nutrients. Absorption: Getting the nutrients to the cells. Egest: Removing solid waste from the body.

  26. Mouth • Salivary Gland • Gall Bladder • Liver • Pancreas • Small Intestine • Esophagus • Stomach • Large Intestine • Rectum • Anus

  27. Do now: Label the diagram • Mouth • Salivary Gland • Gall Bladder • Liver • Pancreas • Small Intestine • Esophagus • Stomach • Large Intestine • Rectum • Anus

  28. Mouth Mechanical and Chemical Digestion Mechanical = Teeth chew! Chemical = Enzymes in saliva digests starch into sugar!

  29. Mechanical Vs. Chemical Digestion Is mechanical digestion a physical or chemical change? Mechanical is a physical change: breaking large pieces into smaller pieces. Is chemical digestion a physical or a chemical change? Chemical is a chemical change: chemically breaks large molecules into different, smaller molecules.

  30. Enzymes Enzymes are special proteins that our body makes in order to digest food. Food might break down on its own in a million years, but enzymes speed this up. Enzymes speed up chemical reactions.

  31. Enzymes will work more quickly on smaller pieces of food. WHY?

  32. Increased Surface Area Chewing makes smaller pieces so that the enzymes will have more surface area to work on.

  33. Which meat will be digested faster? Enzymes

  34. Saltines Experiment

  35. Esophagus No Digestion here. Peristalsis: Waves of contraction of smooth muscle squeeze food down.

  36. Epiglottis

  37. I'm Choking!

  38. Stomach Blends food into liquid called Chyme Makes pepsin, Acid, and mucus Pepsin digests protein

  39. Small Intestine Most digestion occurs here. Absorption of Nutrients occurs ONLY here.

  40. Tapeworms live in small intestines The small intestine is the only place in the body where nutrients are absorbed. Tapeworms live there and absorb your nutrients before you can.

  41. Nutrients have to be ________enough to be absorbed by the small intestine. How much surface area does the small intestine have inside? small

  42. Which one has more internal surface area?

  43. How can the small intestine have so much surface area? Inside the small intestine are tiny wrinkles called VILLI.

  44. Which road has more surface area?

  45. Why is this good for the small intestine? There are more surfaces to absorb the nutrients!

  46. If a stadium wants to sell their hot dogs FAST, how should they design the hot dog counter?

  47. 6. Large Intestine Your food finally reaches the large intestine, and it is wet! All that is left is roughage / fiber that can’t be digested by humans. Water is reabsorbed. Bacteria live here and make vitamins for us.

More Related