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The Turbulent 1920s in Germany: A Nation's Struggle and Transformation

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The 1920s in Germany were characterized by profound socio-political upheaval after World War I. Veterans' grievances fueled the "Stab-in-the-Back" theory, while economic challenges, including the hyperinflation of the German Mark and the French occupation of the Ruhr, destabilized the republic. Key events like the Beer Hall Putsch and the Dawes Plan shaped the nation's path towards recovery amidst rising extremism. Against this backdrop, cultural movements flourished as artists criticized society, capturing the essence of a country grappling with its identity and future.

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The Turbulent 1920s in Germany: A Nation's Struggle and Transformation

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  1. Europe in the 1920s

  2. Germany

  3. From the German Point of View  Lost—but not forgotten country. • Into the heart You are to dig yourself these words as into stone: Which we have lost may not be truly lost!

  4. The “Stabbed-in-the-Back” Theory Disgruntled German WWI veterans

  5. German Freikorps

  6. Sparticist Poster

  7. Friedrich Ebert:First President of the Weimar Republic

  8. The German Government: 1919-1920

  9. The GermanMark

  10. The German Mark

  11. The French in the Ruhr: 1923

  12. The French Occupation of the Ruhr

  13. The Beer Hall Putsch: 1923

  14. The Beer Hall Putsch Idealized

  15. Hitler in Landesberg Prison

  16. Mein Kampf [My Struggle]

  17. European Debts to the United States

  18. The Dawes Plan (1924)

  19. The Young Plan (1930) For three generations, you’ll have to slave away! $26,350,000,000 to be paid over a period of 58½ years.

  20. Weimar Germany: Political Representation[1920-1933]

  21. Italy

  22. Benito Mussolini [1883-1945]

  23. Italian Fasces

  24. March on Rome [1922]

  25. Lateran Treaty [1929]

  26. England

  27. Ramsay MacDonald: 1924, 1929 Labour Party

  28. Stanley Baldwin Conservative Party

  29. 1926 General Strike Trades Disputes Act (1927): • All general or sympathy strikes were illegal. • It forbade unions from raising money for political purposes.

  30. France

  31. Raymond Poincaré & the Conservative Right • He sent French troops into the Ruhr in 1923. • Pushed for large-scale domestic reconstruction programs. • After 1926-29: • New taxes & tightened tax collections. • Drastic decline in govt. spending that stabilized the franc

  32. Edouard Herriot & the French Socialists • 1924-1926. • Progressive social reform. • Spoke for the lower classes, small businessmen, and farmers. • Committed to private enterprise and private property. • Fervently anti-clerical.

  33. Collective Security

  34. League of Nations Members

  35. Washington Naval Conference[1921-1922] U. S. Britain Japan France Italy 5 5 3 1.67 1.67

  36. The Maginot Line

  37. Locarno Pact: 1925

  38. Locarno Pact: 1925 Austin Chamberlain (Br.) GustaveStresemann(Ger.) AristideBriand(Fr.) • Guaranteed the common boundaries of Belgium, France, and Germany as specified in the Treaty of Versailles of 1919. • Germany signed treaties with Poland and Czechoslovakia, agreeing to change the eastern borders of Germany by arbitration only.

  39. Kellogg-Briand Pact: 1928 • 15 nations committed to outlawing aggression and war for settling disputes. • Problem no way of enforcement.

  40. The Great Depression

  41. The Great Depression [1929-1941] London in 1930 Paris in 1930

  42. German Unemployment: 1929-1938

  43. The Great Depression [1929-1941]

  44. Decrease in World Trade: 1929-1932

  45. German Election Results in 1933

  46. Art in the 1920s

  47. George Grosz Grey Day(1921) DaDa

  48. George Grosz The Pillars of Society(1926) DaDa

  49. Picasso  Studio with Plaster Head [1925] Cubism

  50. Georges Braque  Still Life LeJeur [1929] Cubism

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