1 / 22

Environmental Control of Wood and Tracheid Properties in Norway Spruce ( Picea abies (L.) Karst.)

Environmental Control of Wood and Tracheid Properties in Norway Spruce ( Picea abies (L.) Karst.) Tuula Jyske Harri Mäkinen Pekka Saranpää. VARIATION OF WOOD PROPERTIES. Between sites: fertility. Between stems: genetic variation, effect of environment.

hung
Download Presentation

Environmental Control of Wood and Tracheid Properties in Norway Spruce ( Picea abies (L.) Karst.)

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Environmental Control of Wood and Tracheid Properties in Norway Spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) Tuula Jyske Harri Mäkinen Pekka Saranpää

  2. VARIATION OF WOOD PROPERTIES • Between sites: fertility • Between stems: genetic variation, effect of environment • Within stems: juvenile (core)wood, sapwood, heartwood • Within annual rings: earlywood, latewood

  3. Juvenile wood Earlywood _________ 0,1 mm Latewood Compression wood

  4. Tracheid length of Norway spruce from the pith to the bark

  5. The variation of wood properties from the pith to the bark and from the base to the tree top • The effect of long-term fertilisation and thinning on: • diameter growth, • wood density • tracheid dimensions?

  6. Suonenjoki Suonenjoki 62°45'N, 27°00'E 62°45'N, 27°00'E Parikkala Parikkala Finland – Europe's most densely forested country Suonenjoki 61°36'N, 29°22'E Parikkala

  7. Thinning experiments

  8. Growth ring width

  9. Thinning and fertilisationParikkala & Suonenjoki • delayed first thinning • normal first thinning • intensivefirst thinning • control • 150 kg N ha-1 / 5 v. • 300 kg N ha-1 / 5 v.

  10. Fertilised control fertilised 1 fertilised 2 Thinned delayed normal high thinning intensity Basal area of study trees (cm2)

  11. Thinning experiments Heinola & Punkaharju • over 50 % increase of growth rate in normally thinned stands compared to low thinning intensity (based on basal area of study trees) • ca. 70 % increase of growth rate in normally thinned stands compared to low thinning intensity • latewood proportion decreased by 8 % – 20 % in normal and intensively thinned trees compared to low thinning intensity • weight density decreased only 1 % – 4 % in normal and intensively thinned trees compared to low thinning intensity

  12. Thinning experimentsHeinola & Punkaharju • intensively thinned trees showed 4 – 9 % shorter tracheids compared to low thinning intensity • intensive thinning resulted 3 – 12 % thinner cell walls compared to low thinning intensity • only slight change in tracheid diameter (1 – 3%)

  13. Thinning - fertilisation experimentsParikkala & Suonenjoki • normal fertilisation level increased ca. 40 % growth rate compared to unfertilised stand • intensive fertilisation level increased growth rate ca. 40 % compared to an unfertilised stand • normal thinning resulted an 8 % increase of growth compared to delayed thinning

  14. Thinning - fertilisation experimentsParikkala & Suonenjoki • intensive first thinning resulted an 30 % increase of growth compared to delayed thinning • differences in latewood proportion only 2 % – 9 % • weight density decreased only 2 % – 7 % by increasing thinning intensivity

  15. only slight differences in tracheid length ( 1 % – 2 %) • cell wall thickness decreased 1 % – 7 % • minor effect on lumen diameter (0 % – 2 %)

  16. Models to predict wood properties Models to predict the effect of growth rate on wood properties - from stem base to the tree top - from the pith to the bark Fibre properties - latewood proportion - wood density - fibre length - fibre diameter - cell wall thickness Multivariate multilevel models, GLMM

  17. Material • Thinning intensity from below in Central and Eastern Finland (Heinola ja Punkaharju, PURO) • Timing of first thinning, intensity of nitrogen fertilisation in Eastern Finland (Parikkala ja Suonenjoki, PURO) • Effect of nitrogen fertilisation in Southern and Northern Finland (Heinola ja Kemijärvi, IMWO) • Nutrient optimisation experiments in Southern and Northern Sweden (Asa and Flakaliden (ENWO) • Fast growing Norway spruce clones in Southern Finland (Nurmijärvi and Ruotsinkylä)

  18. Weight density gm-3 Latewood proportion Fibre length, mm Fibre diameter, um Cell wall proportion Models to predict wood propertiesMultivariate multilevel models, GLMMMäkinen et al. 2007 For Ecol Manag 241

  19. Weight density Tracheid length

  20. Conclusions Prevailing thinning intensities increase significantly growth rate of Norway spruce However, thinning and fertilisation had a minor effect on wood properties like density and fibre dimensions Within-tree and between-tree variation is the major source of variation Limited material (altogether 109 stems from various experiments) and fibre measurements only at breast height

  21. Thank you! Tuula Jyske Harri Mäkinen Foundation for Research of Natural Resources in Finland

More Related