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What is Multicast DNS?

One of the extensions to the DNS (Domain Name System) protocol is the mDNS (multicast DNS). A naming service system for computers that are on a local link, which is simple to set up as well as maintain, is provided by a multicast DNS. The DNS service is extended by mDNS to operate over link-local multicast. mDNS has certain advantages as well as disadvantages, which are also touched upon in this blog, apart from providing information about mDNS and its functioning.<br>

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What is Multicast DNS?

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  1. What is Multicast DNS? Multicast DNS (mDNS) With regard to computer networking, mDNS (multicast DNS) is a protocol that resolves hostnames to IP addresses within small networks where a local nameserver is not included. It is a zero-configuration service. The multicast process is part of TCP/IP. It can work without the appropriate configurations. Multicast DNS uses the same packet formats, operating semantics and programming interfaces as the unicast Domain Name System (DNS). Despite being designed as a stand-alone protocol, mDNS can work together with standard DNS servers. This protocol is published as RFC 6762. It uses IP multicast User Datagram Protocol (UDP) packets. To digress, the mention of servers calls to mind the servers of web hosting companies that are used to store the files of websites. Web hosts provide the technologies and services that make these files available over the Internet. Most web hosting companies offer various forms of hosting (shared, dedicated, cloud, reseller, WordPress, VPS etc.) as well as different packages for each type. These services are often referred to as the “Best Web Hosting Service” or as the “Top Cloud Hosting Service” or even as the “Best Windows Hosting Service”. How does Multicast DNS work?

  2. Multicast DNS (mDNS) is a protocol that aids in name resolution in smaller networks. It makes use of a different approach than that in DNS, for the above-mentioned purpose. Rather than querying a nameserver, all participants in the network are directly addressed in it. A multicast is sent into the network by the appropriate client, while it is enquired about the network participant that matches up with the hostname. A multicast entails a unique type of communication. Through this unique form of communication an individual message is directed towards a recipients’ group, which can consist of an entire network or a sub-network. In this manner, the request also reaches that particular group participant by whom that hostname is owned that has been searched for. A response is generated for the entire network through the multicast. All participants receive information regarding the connection between the name and IP address. This enables them to make a corresponding entry into their multicast DNS cache. Till the time that this notation remains valid, none in the network requires to request the hostname. A relatively large amount of traffic is created by the multicast DNS. It tries to save those network resources that are active. In order to accomplish this purpose, the client that has made the request sends a reply which as per the client is correct. In the event that this isn’t correct anymore or when the entry is going to expire, the recipient needs to reply. The other participants get informed prior to receiving a reply. Hence, this protocol reduces the traffic within the network. Only those hostnames are possible with multicast DNS that have the ending “.local”. This imposes a limitation on this type of name resolution on local networks. Multicast DNS does not process hostnames with other top-level domains (TLDs). Hence, this way can’t be used to resolve web addresses. Advantages of Multicast DNS There are many advantages of multicast DNS protocol. These are mentioned below, in no particular order. It executes operation that is like DNS on local link, sans the conventional DNS server. The mDNS system doesn’t require configuration or administration. Multicast DNS service implementation does not need any additional infrastructure. It works even when the system’s infrastructure fails. It saves the cost that is required to reserve global domain name. It doesn’t need a separate error detection mechanism. It is designed for small networks and increases their user-friendliness. It doesn’t need a server or directory to be established. Additional devices can be imported quickly and dynamically. Disadvantages of Multicast DNS The disadvantages of multicast DNS are recounted below, in no particular order. It can’t be used with regard to a network that has a large number of nodes. Multicast DNS’ performance is poor compared to that of conventional DNS in network with larger nodes.

  3. A large number of queries and their responses are generated by mDNS, which results in a significant burden on the local network. Multiple IP subnets cannot use multicast DNS. Multicast DNS burdens the processing power. Confidential data can be found via an open multicast DNS. Cybercriminals can find and use an open multicast DNS for DDoS (distributed denial-of-service) attacks. Source:https://htswebhosting.wordpress.com/2021/01/27/what-is-multicast-dns/

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