Comprehensive Overview of Muscles in Anatomy and Physiology

1. ANPS Anatomy & Physiology Joints, Muscles and Movement III

2. Serratus anterior muscle Glenoid fossa Subscapular fossa (subscapularis m.) Serratus anterior m. (scapula protraction, lower fibers, upward rotation)

3. Arm Muscles Brachialis m. – flexes forearm at elbow joint (deep to biceps) Biceps brachii m. – flexes and supinates forearm at elbow joint Anterior view

4. Forearm Flexor Muscle Groups Superficial layer: (wrist action) Pronator teres m. Flexor carpi radialis m. Palmaris longus m. Flexor carpi ulnaris m. Deeper layers: (finger motion) Flexor digitorumsuperficialis m. Flexor digitorumprofundus m. Pronator quadratus m. Flexor pollicislongus m. and more..... Brachioradialis m. -flexion at elbow joint Flexor group of forearm- flex of wrist and fingers Muscles of the anterior group in the forearm (left side)

5. Hand Muscle Groups Thenarmuscle group- Abductor pollicisbrevis m. Flexor pollicsbrevis m. Opponenspollicis m. Hypothenarmuscle group- Abductor digitiminimim. Flexor digitiminimi m. Opponensdigitiminimi m.

6. Arm/Forearm Muscle Extensor Groups Triceps m. – extends forearm at elbow joint Extensor group of forearm – extends wrist and fingers Extensor carpi radialis longus & brevis m. Extensor pollicis longus & brevis m. Extensor digitorum m. Extensor carpi ulnaris m. and more....... Posterior view

7. Brachial plexus – terminal nerves Musculocutaneous n. - arm flexors Median n. - forearm flexors and thenar m. Ulnar n. - some forearm flexors and most hand m. Radial n. - extensor m. in arm and forearm. Spinal nerves Musculocutaneous nerve Radial nerve Ulnar nerve Median nerve

8. Thoracic and Abdominal Wall Muscles Intercostal muscles External intercostal m. Internal intercostal m. Innermost intercostal m. Rectus abdominis m. (sixppack) - flexion Abdominal muscles External oblique m. Internal oblique m. Transversus abdominis m.

9. Anterior Thigh and Hip Muscles (overview) Iliacus Psoas major Sartorius (cut) Rectus femoris (cut) Adductor m. group Pectineus m. Sartorius Adductor brevis m. Quadricep m. Adductor longus m. Rectus femoris m. Adductor magnus m. Vastus intermed. m. Vastus lateralis m. Gracilis m. Vastus medialis m. Superficial Deep

10. Lateral Thigh and Hip Muscles (overview) Tensor fascia latae m. Gluteus maximus m. sartorius m. Iliotibial tract Rectus femoris m. Vastus lateralis m. Biceps femoris m. Lateral view

11. Posterior Thigh Hamstring and Hip Muscles (overview) Gluteus maximus m. (cut) Gluteus maximus m. Gluteus medius and minimus m. (deep) Iliotibial tract Biceps femoris m. long and short head (behind) gracilis m. Semitendinosus m. Semimembranosus m. Superficial Deep

12. Hip Flexor Muscle (Action) Psoas major m. Iliacus m. Flexes thigh at the hip joint Anterior view

13. Knee Extensor Muscle (Actions) Quadriceps femorisRectus femoris m. Vastus lateralis m. Vastus intermedius m. Vastus medialis m. sartorius m. Hip Flexors:Rectus femoris m. Sartorius m. rectus femoris v. lateralis v. medialis v. intermed. Knee Flexors:Sartorius m. Lateral (external) thigh rotatorSartorius m. Quadriceps tendon Patellar tendon Anterior Compartment Anterior view

14. Thigh Adductor Muscle (Actions)Adductor magnus m.Adductor longus m.Adductor brevis m.Pectineus m.Gracilis m. Pectineus m. Adductor brevis m. Adductor longus m. Adductor magnus m. Gracilis Adduction of thigh at the hip joint Medial Compartment Anterior view

15. Lateral Thigh and Hip Muscle (Actions) Tensor fascia latae m. Tensor fascia latae m. – Abducts the thigh at the hip Locks the knee (through IT tract) Iliotibial tract Anterior view Lateral view

16. Posterior Thigh Muscles (Actions) Gluteus medius m. Gluteus minimus m. (deep) Abducts thigh at hip joint medially rotates thigh Gluteus maximus m. Extends thigh at hip joint Laterally rotates thigh at hip joint Iliotibial tract Posterior view

17. Posterior Thigh Muscles (Actions) Hamstring muscles:Semitendinosus m. Semimembranosus m. Biceps Femoris m. Semitendinosus m. Semitendinosus m. Biceps femoris (long head) Semimembranosus m. (Deep) Biceps femoris (long head) Semimembranosus m. Extension of thigh at the hip joint Flexion at knee joint

18. Anterior Leg Muscles (Actions) Anterior compartment - 3 muscles Extensor digitorum longus m. Tibialis anterior m. Extensor hallucis longus m. Tibialis anterior m. Dorsiflexion, inversion, toe extension Extensor digitorum longus m. Extensor hallucis longus m. Lateral view Anterior view

19. Lateral Leg Muscles (Actions) Lateral compartment - 2 muscles Fibularis longus m. Fibularis brevis m. Fibularis longus m. Eversion and plantarflexionof the foot Fibularis brevis m. (deep) Lateral view Anterior view

20. Posterior Leg Muscles (Actions) Posterior compartment – 2 muscles Gastrocnemius m. (two heads) Soleus m. (deep) Gastrocnemius m. Soleus m. Plantarflexion of foot (gastrocnemius, also knee flexion) Superficial Deep Calcaneal (Achilles) tendon

21. Deep Posterior Leg Muscle (Actions) Posterior compartment (deep muscle group) 3 musclesFlexor digitorum longus m. Tibialis posterior m. Flexor hallucis longus m. Flexor digitorum longus m. Tibialis posterior m. Flexor hallucis longus m. Plantarflexion, inversion, toe flexion Posterior View

22. Innervation of lower extremity Sciatic N. (post. thigh) Obturator N. (med. thigh; adductor m.) Femoral N. (ant. thigh) Common Fibular N. (anterior/lateral compartments) Tibial N. (posterior compartment) Common fibular nerve Anterior view (right) Posterior view (right)