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Het Constitutionele Theater

Het Constitutionele Theater. Dr.mr. O.J.Tans (Olaf) Amsterdam University College o.j.tans@auc.nl. Overzicht. Korte geschiedenis van constitutioneel denken De moderne constitutionele ambitie Het resultaat Reflectie op de functie van constituties De preambule.

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Het Constitutionele Theater

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  1. Het Constitutionele Theater Dr.mr. O.J.Tans (Olaf) Amsterdam University College o.j.tans@auc.nl

  2. Overzicht • Korte geschiedenis van constitutioneel denken • De moderne constitutionele ambitie • Het resultaat • Reflectie op de functie van constituties • De preambule

  3. Korte geschiedenis van constitutioneel denken • Plato: ‘Eureka! Politeia!’ • Middeleeuwen: de alomvattende Goddelijke constitutie • De Verlichting (1650-1800): • Secularisering en rationalisering • Mens maat der dingen • Politeia is maakbaar

  4. De moderne constitutionele ambitie • Geregeerd door ontwerp-denken • Gejuridificeerd • Regulering van: • Overheidsmacht • Vitale processen • Fundamentele burgerrechten

  5. Het resultaat • Constituties heersen uiterst gebrekkig • Guantanamo Bay • Parlementaire gewoonte en mores • Hun regels zijn multi-interpretabel • Mag Wilders de Islam beledigen? • Moest Clinton aftreden na Lewinsky-affaire?

  6. Wat is hier de lol van? • Spelregels die niet ordenen • Fundamenten die niet funderen • Waartoe?

  7. De constitutie als hanteerbare fictie • Politieke gemeenschappen koesteren de fictie van constitutionele ordening • Is geen waanbeeld • Men schort ongeloof op • Om in fictie te opereren

  8. Welke fictie? • Er is een ontwerp • Dat kan worden geraadpleegd • En antwoord geeft op ordenings-vraagstukken Voorbeeld: Wilders claimt vrijheid van meningsuiting, tegenstanders claimen dat hij discrimineert

  9. Waartoe deze fictie? • Legitimatie van standpunten • Ondertussen: grotere verhalen vertellen • Aan de hand van het constitutionele interpretatiekader

  10. Missouri v. Holland (1920) • In Missouri organiseert men trekvogel-afschiet-feesten • Regering sluit verdrag • Verbod op trekvogel-afschiet-feesten • Missouri naar de rechter • The case before us must be considered in the light of out whole experience and not merely in that of what was said a hundred years ago. The treaty in question does not contravene any prohibitory words to be found in the Constitution. The only question is whether it is forbidden by some invisible radiation from the general terms of the Tenth Amendment. We must consider what this country has become in deciding what that amendment has reserved

  11. Conclusie • Constituties faciliteren de zelfontdekking van een politieke gemeenschap • Expressie van collectieve identiteit • Onder de assumptie dat het allemaal ergens vastligt

  12. Boodschap aan de preambule- schrijver • Constituties leven • Worden telkens herontdekt • Reflecteren een voortdurend proces van collectieve identiteitsvorming • Gangbare preambules nemen hierop een voorschot • Met grote ambitie

  13. De klassieker We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.

  14. Expressie, convocatie en identificatie Having regard for the existence and future of our Homeland, Which recovered, in 1989, the possibility of a sove- reign and democratic determination of its fate, We, the Polish Nation – all citizens of the Republic, Both those who believe in God as the source of truth, justice, good and beauty, As well as those not sharing such faith but respecting those universal values as arising from other sources,

  15. Equal in rights and obligations towards the common good – Poland, Beholden to our ancestors for their labours, their struggle for independence achieved at great sacrifice, for our culture rooted in the Christian heritage of the Nation and in universal human values, […] Hereby establish this Constitution of the Republic of Poland as the basic law for the State, based on respect for freedom and justice, cooperation between the public powers, social dialogue as well as on the principle of subsidiarity in the strengthening the powers of citizens and their communities. […]

  16. Nog een mooi exemplaar In the Name of the Most Holy Trinity, from Whom is all authority and to Whom, as our final end, all actions both of men and States must be referred, We, the people of Éire, Humbly acknowledging all our obligations to our Divine Lord, Jesus Christ, Who sustained our fathers through centuries of trial, Gratefully remembering their heroic and unremitting struggle to regain the rightful independence of our Nation, And seeking to promote the common good, with due observance of Prudence, Justice and Charity, so that the dignity and freedom of the individual may be assured, true social order attained, the unity of our country restored, and concord established with other nations, Do hereby adopt, enact, and give to ourselves this Constitution.

  17. Slot • De gangbare preambule vertelt het allergrootste verhaal • Ultieme funderingspoging • Wat stellen we daar tegenover?

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