The Etruscans, Archaic Italy Vocabulary

1. The Etruscans, Archaic ItalyVocabulary • Etruscan • Terracotta • Tufa • Haruspex • Acroteria • Cella/cellae • Tumulus • Trempe l’oeil

2. Etruscan Territories

3. The Etruscans, Archaic Italy • Etruscans existed in Northern Italy (Tuscany) since as early as the 8th century BCE • 7th-6th centuries BCE, Etruscans ruled as kings of Rome • By the end of the 6th century BCE, the last Etruscan king was conquered by the Romans • Highly skilled bronze artists

4. Porta Augusta, Perugia, Italy, 3rd-2nd century BCE

5. Typical Etruscan Temple Model, 6th century BCE • Tuscan Doric, Acroteria, 3 Cellae, Tufa, Haruspex

6. Plan of Etruscan Temple

7. Roman Architectural Orders

8. Apollo, From the Portonaccio Temple, Veii, 510-500 BCE • Terracotta • Acroteria

11. Underground Etruscan Tumulus (tumuli)

12. Tomb of the Reliefs, Cerveteri, 3rd Century BCE

13. Trempe l’oeil

15. Sarcophagus with Reclining Couple, Cerveteri, 520 BCE

16. Capitoline Wolf, Rome, 500-430 BCE

17. AuleMetele, Cortona, 80 BCE • Arringatore

18. Ancient RomeVocabulary • Patricians • Plebians • Engaged columns • Verism • Atrium • Barrel Vault • Groin Vault • Forum • Republic • Empire • Mosaic • Villa • Fresco • Linear Perspective • Atmospheric Perspective

19. Ancient Rome • Rome begins as a small village on the Capitoline Hill, the largest of seven hills in Rome in the Region of Latium. • Virgil’s Aeneid tells the mythological founding of Rome by Aeneas, a refugee from Troy and the son of Venus. • Other mythology attributes the founding of Rome to Romulus, son of Mars, in 753 BCE. • Rome begins as a Republic in 509 BCE after the expulsion of the last Etruscan king, Tarquinius Superbus. • Roman Republic politics is led by a Constitutional government consisting of 2 consuls and a senate, elected from noble families. • The Republic lasts until the rule of Augustus in about 31 BCE when it turns into an empire, to 400 CE. • 211 BCE Roman general Marcellus attacks Syracuse in Greece.

20. Rome at the Height of its Empire

21. Roman, Pont du Gard, France, late 1st c BCE

23. Temple of Portunus, Rome, Late 2nd century BCE • Engaged Column

25. Roman, Head of a Patrician, 75-50 BCE • Verism • Republican portraiture • Patrician/plebian

26. Roman, Augustus of Prima Porta, 20 BCE

29. AraPacisAugustae, Rome, 13-9 BCE

30. AraPacisAugustae, detail, Rome, 13-9 BCE

32. Mt. Vesuvius

33. Forum of Pompeii79 CE 88 BCE Pompeii becomes a Roman city

37. House of the Vetii, Pompeii, 62-79 CE Atrium

38. Peristyle Garden

40. Fresco, Herculaneum, 2nd century BCE

41. Roman, Villa of the Mysteries, Pompeii, 60-50 BCE

45. Gardenscape, Villa of Livia at Prima Porta, ca. late 1st c BCE • Atmospheric Perspective

46. Roman, Villa of PubliusFanniusSynistor, Boscoreale, late 1st c CE

47. Still Life, Herculanium, before 79 AD

48. Young Woman Reading, Pompeii, before 79 AD

49. Arch of Titus, Rome, 81 CE

50. Arch of Titus, Detail