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肌 性 斜 颈

肌 性 斜 颈. Infantile Myogenic Torticollis. 概念 Concept. 小儿肌性斜颈 : 是以患儿颜面旋向健侧、头向患侧斜为特征的病症，是由胸锁乳突肌痉挛或纤维性挛缩所致，故称 肌性斜颈 。一般系指一侧胸锁乳突肌痉挛造成的肌性斜颈。. 病因病机. 与损伤有关；胎位不正，引起肌肉缺血性改变所致；胎儿在子宫内头向一侧偏斜所致，与生产过程没有关系。. 临床表现 Clinical Manifestations.

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肌 性 斜 颈

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  1. 肌 性 斜 颈 Infantile Myogenic Torticollis

  2. 概念 Concept 小儿肌性斜颈:是以患儿颜面旋向健侧、头向患侧斜为特征的病症，是由胸锁乳突肌痉挛或纤维性挛缩所致，故称肌性斜颈。一般系指一侧胸锁乳突肌痉挛造成的肌性斜颈。

  3. 病因病机 与损伤有关；胎位不正，引起肌肉缺血性改变所致；胎儿在子宫内头向一侧偏斜所致，与生产过程没有关系。

  4. 临床表现Clinical Manifestations 患儿出生后，在颈部一侧可发现有形肿物，以后患侧的胸锁乳突肌逐渐挛缩，可触到较硬肿块，患儿头向患侧倾斜，颜面部旋向健侧，少数患儿颈部较硬之肿块只见于患侧胸锁乳突肌在锁骨的附着点周围。病程较久者，可见颜面两侧不对称。

  5. 治疗 Treatment 1．治法 舒筋活血，软坚散结。 2．部位 患侧胸锁乳突肌。 3．手法 推法、揉法、拿法、捏法、牵拉法等。

  6. 预防(Precaution)与护理(nursing) 1．治疗手法用力要轻柔，牵拉头颈部要适可而止，不可蛮干。 2．日常生活中采用与头面畸形相反方向的动作以矫正，如喂奶、睡眠的枕垫或用玩具吸引患儿的注意力等。家属可经常在患侧胸锁乳突肌作相反方向的被动牵拉伸展运动。

  7. 3．临床上要注意与其他病症相鉴别，如颈淋巴结核、炎症肿块、骨与骨关节发育异常所致的斜颈和局部肿块，因为这些病症不能用推拿方法治疗。 3．临床上要注意与其他病症相鉴别，如颈淋巴结核、炎症肿块、骨与骨关节发育异常所致的斜颈和局部肿块，因为这些病症不能用推拿方法治疗。

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