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An Overview of Invertebrate Animals: Characteristics and Classification

This chapter explores the fascinating world of invertebrate animals, detailing their key characteristics such as being multicellular, heterotrophic, and mostly motile at some life stage. Invertebrates exhibit various forms of symmetry, including radial and bilateral, and primarily reproduce sexually, with some capable of asexual reproduction. The text covers major phyla like Porifera (sponges), Cnidaria (jellyfish, corals), Platyhelminthes (flatworms), Nematoda (roundworms), Annelida (segmented worms), Mollusca, and Arthropoda, emphasizing their unique traits.

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An Overview of Invertebrate Animals: Characteristics and Classification

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  1. Chapter 23 Animals: The Invertebrates

  2. Characteristics of Animals • Multicellular. Cells are usually arranged in organs or organ systems • Heterotrophs • Require oxygen to perform aerobic respiration

  3. Most are motile at some point in the life cycle • Life cycle includes some sort of embryonic development • Mostly reproduce sexually (some asexually)

  4. Radial Symmetry • No clear front or rear • Body parts are arranged around a central axis

  5. Bilateral Symmetry • Organism is the same on either side of one plane of symmetry • Has a true front and rear

  6. Phylum Porifera - Sponges • Animals with no symmetry, no tissues or organs. • Range in size from tiny (like a fingernail) to large enough to sit in • Engulf particles to feed (phagocytosis) • Can reproduce sexually with a larva or asexually by fragmentation

  7. Sponges

  8. Phylum Cnidaria • Jellyfish, sea anemones, coral • All are aquatic – most are ocean dwelling • Have tissues • Have nematocysts – “stinging darts” • Reproduce sexually • Have a nerve net for stimulation

  9. Jellyfish, Corals, Hydra

  10. Phylum Platyhelminthes - Flatworms • Turbellarians, Flukes, and Tapeworms • Have a simple digestive system – absorb food from a host • Body is flattened • Most are hermaphrodites, but will reproduce sexually with another flatworm

  11. Flatworms Sea slugs

  12. Phylum Nematoda - Roundworms • Thrive nearly everywhere • Have a complete digestive system • Have a partial body cavity where reproductive organs are found • Most are free-living, with few parasitic species

  13. Roundworms Ancyclostoma duodenale (hookworm)

  14. Phylum Annelida – Segmented Worms • Segmented worms – segments are repeating body sections • Many have setae (small hair like bristles) to help them move through soil • Have a complete gut, rudimentary brain (with nerve cord), and circulatory system

  15. Earthworms and Leeches

  16. Phylum Mollusca • Octopus, squid, clams, scallops, snails, slugs, oysters • Most have a hard shell with a soft body • Have well developed organ systems • Have a brain

  17. Octopus, Squid, Snail, Oyster

  18. Phylum Arthropoda(I accidently left this off – add it!) • Insects, crustaceans, arachnids • Hardened exoskeletons • Jointed appendages • Respiratory Structures • Sensory Structures • Division of labor

  19. Class Arachnida

  20. Class Insecta

  21. Class Crustacea

  22. Phylum Echinodermata • Sea urchins, star fish • Have spines or plates of calcium carbonate • Well developed skeleton • No brain, but nervous system is present • Water vascular system to deliver water to tube feet for movement

  23. Sea Stars, Sea Urchins Class Asteroidea

  24. Phylum Chordata • Includes some invertebrates and ALL vertebrates • Subphylum Vertebrata – all vertebrates are in this subphylum

  25. Works Cited • http://www.okc.cc.ok.us/biologylabs/Documents/Animals/Symmetry.htm • http://trc.ucdavis.edu/biosci10v/bis10v/week9/sponge.gif • http://www.okc.cc.ok.us/biologylabs/Images/Animal_Images/Sponge_copy.JPG • http://www.aloha.com/~lifeguards/jellie75.jpg • http://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/michael.gregory/files/Bio%20102/Bio%20102%20lectures/animal%20diversity/lower%20invertebrates/hydra_l.s._X_40.jpg • http://www.seaslugforum.net/images/flatworm.jpg • http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/taworm4b.jpg • http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://biology.nebrwesleyan.edu/Courses/Labs/Biology_of_Animals/ZooLab10/Ancylostoma_male_10X.jpg&imgrefurl • http://www.biology.iastate.edu/Courses/201L/Annelida/42%20whole%20worm.JPG • http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Leech_blutegel.jpg/300px-Leech_blutegel.jpg • http://www.sheppardsoftware.com/images/animalpics/mollusk1.jpg • http://webpages.charter.net/teefile/biognomen/photo/Mollusca.jpeg • http://www.bioquip.com/prod_images/5389L-001-Class%20Insecta%20front.jpg • http://www.troutnut.com/im_regspec/picture_1170_small.jpg • http://www.insectzoo.msstate.edu/Images/7812793b.jpg • http://webpages.charter.net/teefile/biognomen/photo/scorpion.jpeg • http://www.emporia.edu/biosci/invert/lab6/limulusad.jpg • http://www.earthlife.net/inverts/images/echinoderms/arbacia.jpg • http://www.museums.org.za/bio/images/mb/mb0556m.jpg • http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_3tLvZgf7WyA/SkqCO0e_L1I/AAAAAAAAAgo/8fUbEjGyTuU/s400/roach8.jpg

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