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Natural functions:

Natural functions:. Material inputs Inputs to various economic activities Waste receptor services Acceptance of residuals (wastewater, noise) Life-support functions A hospital, healthful environment (clean air, pure water) Amenity services

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Natural functions:

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  1. Natural functions: • Material inputs • Inputs to various economic activities • Waste receptor services • Acceptance of residuals (wastewater, noise) • Life-support functions • A hospital, healthful environment (clean air, pure water) • Amenity services • Beautiful landscapes and pleasant spaces for recreation and personal renewal BBA Part1_2 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  2. Are the Functions of Natural Environment Similar to Man Made Environment? BBA Part1_2 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  3. BBA Part1_2 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  4. What are the characteristics of environment with time and space scales? BBA Part1_2 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  5. Component of Environment and Spatio-Temporal Scales Environment Local RegionCountryGlobal Distance Future Intermediate Future Physical environment Biotic environment Man-made environment Present BBA Part1_2 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  6. Q. Are economy, society, politic and technology classified as human environment? BBA Part1_2 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  7. A. They are just “mechanism”for: - interrelationships between human and environment - interrelationships between human and human BBA Part1_2 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  8. Q. What must be solved if there is any problem regarding relationships between human and environment? • Discussion????? BBA Part1_2 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  9. BBA Part1_2 (Gajaseni, 2001) Q. How does human survive in nature?

  10. BBA Part1_2 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  11. A. Ecosystem with 3 components • 1.Diversity of organisms • 2.Natural environment • 3.Man-made environment BBA Part1_2 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  12. How can we classify ecosystems in relation to degree of human influences? BBA Part1_2 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  13. BBA Part1_2 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  14. BBA Part1_2 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  15. BBA Part1_2 (Gajaseni, 2001) 1. Bio-ecosystem -natural components -biological processes

  16. 1.1 Natural ecosystem -without direct human influence -capable of self-homeostasis and self-perpetuation BBA Part1_2 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  17. 1.2 Near-natural ecosystem -some degree of human influence -some modifications after human abandonment -self homeostasis and self-perpetuation BBA Part1_2 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  18. 1.3 Semi-natural ecosystem -resulting from human use of 1.1 and 1.2 but not (intentionally) created -high degree of modification after human abandonment -limited capability of self homeostasis and self-perpetuation -human management required BBA Part1_2 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  19. 1.4 Anthropogenic biotic ecosystem -intentionally created by human -completely dependent on human control and management BBA Part1_2 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  20. 2.Techno-ecosystems • - anthropogenic (technical) systems • - dominance of technical structures (artifacts) and processes • - intentionally created by human for industrial, economic or cultural activities • - dependent on human control and on the surrounding and interspersed bio-ecosystems BBA Part1_2 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  21. BBA Part1_2 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  22. Why does the oyster reef need large input and output environments? BBA Part1_2 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  23. Why does a city need even larger input and output environments? BBA Part1_2 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  24. Relationships between techno-ecosystems and bio-ecosystem BBA Part1_2 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  25. (Odum with caption bio-ecosystems techno-ecosystems)Parasitism BBA Part1_2 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  26. Human is the necessity for nature, isn't it? BBA Part1_2 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  27. BBA Part1_2 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  28. BBA Part1_2 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  29. Q. What is more important, life or environment? • Q. Can life survive without environment? • Q. Can environment exist without life? • Q. What is more important, human or environment? • Q. Can human survive without environment? • Q. Can environment exist without human? BBA Part1_2 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  30. What does human's existence depend completely on? BBA Part1_2 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  31. Q. What are the critical factors for survivorship of life? • A. Energy and matters. • Q. Can energy and matters be created by life? • A. No way? • Q. Where do those available energy and matters for life come from? • A. Environment of course! BBA Part1_2 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  32. Q. Can life always accumulate energy and matter within them? • A. Impossible! • Q. Where could life transfer energy and matters out of them? • A. Environment again! BBA Part1_2 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  33. Conclusions: • 1. Life can not exist without environment. • 2. Environment is critical to life for: • 2.1 evolutionary drive, • 2.2 providing energy and matter, • 2.3 receiving dissipated energy and matter. • 3. Environment can exist without life for most of the time. • 4. Environment is the death or alive for life. BBA Part1_2 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  34. BBA Part1_2 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  35. BBA Part1_2 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  36. Q. Do the 6 components of environment separate? BBA Part1_2 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  37. BBA Part1_2 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  38. Q. What sustains life on the Earth? BBA Part1_2 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  39. A. 3 environmental processes 1. Material transfer 2. Energy transfer 3. Information transfer BBA Part1_2 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  40. Q. Are these 3 processes also sustain human on the Earth? • Discussion? BBA Part1_2 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  41. BBA Part1_2 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  42. Material transfer • Key concepts • 1. Life need materials. • 2. Life can not create materials. • 3. There are limited amount of materials on the earth. • 4. Materials in environment are not always in accordance with demand of life. • 5. Variations in life for materials • 5.1 Quantity • 5.2 Quality BBA Part1_2 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  43. BBA Part1_2 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  44. BBA Part1_2 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  45. 6. Therefore, the interactions between life with the physical environment lead to cycling of matters between living and non-living parts. • 7. Life (including human) are opened systems in term of matters. BBA Part1_2 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  46. BBA Part1_2 (Gajaseni, 2001) Law related to cycling of matters 1. Law of tolerance can be applied to both matter and physical environment.

  47. BBA Part1_2 (Gajaseni, 2001) 2. Law of the minimum (Liebig's law of the minimum)

  48. BBA Part1_2 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  49. BBA Part1_2 (Gajaseni, 2001) 3. Law of the conservation of matter -matters never disappear -no "waste" in nature because of "cycling" between biotic and abiotic (physical) components -during cyclings, matters transform between "organic" and "inorganic"

  50. Therefore, all organisms are organized into 3 groups: • 1. Producer = • InorganicsOrganics • EnvironmentLiving BBA Part1_2 (Gajaseni, 2001)

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