Section 4- Turning Points of the War

1. Section 4- Turning Points of the War

2. QOTD: Day 2 • What is a siege?

3. The Western Campaign • MS River is the main focus of Western campaign • Confederates still have strongholds at Vicksburg, MS and Port Hudson, LA

5. The Siege of Vicksburg • Grant marches south of Vicksburg in LA • Attack on rail line in central MS to draw attention away from Vicksburg • March NE to capture Jackson, MS

6. The Siege of Vicksburg • Gain control of main rail line • Vicksburg is now cut off • May 22- Grant lays siege for 1 month • Fire from land and river

7. The Siege of Vicksburg • Confederates surrender due to lack of supplies and constant fire • July 4, 1863 • Port Hudson surrendered days later • Confederacy now cut in 2

9. Battle of Fredericksburg • Ambrose Burnside placed in charge of Army of the Potomac • Dec. 1862- Army of Potomac vs. Army of Northern VA • Lee defeats the new commander • Union suffers 2x casualties of Confederates

11. Battle of Chancellorsville • Gen. Joseph Hooker replaces Burnside • South wins again, but Stonewall Jackson is mortally wounded • Dies a few days later • Lee decides to invade PA

13. Invasion of the North • Goals: • Win international support for Confederacy • Demoralize the Union • Force an end to the war

14. The Battle of Gettysburg • Lee hopes to capture footwear factory • Army of Potomac under the leadership of Gen. Meade • July 1- Northern Gen. Buford spreads army out NW of town • Calls for reinforcements

15. The Battle of Gettysburg • 1st day- Confederate victory • Push North to higher ground to the south • Nightfall helps strengthen Union position

16. The Battle of Gettysburg • Union digs trench from Culp’s Hill and Cemetery Hill to Cemetery Ridge • Line extends to Little and Big Round Top • Union held the high ground

17. The Battle of Gettysburg- Day 2 • Confederates attack the Northern and Southern ends of the Union line • Union abandoned Little Round Top • Rebels failed to breach the Union line

18. The Battle of Gettysburg- Day 2 • Union forces led by Col. Chamberlain recapture Little Round Top • Met Confederates at top • Union ran low on ammo • Chamberlain orders bayonet charge • 100’s of Confederates surrender

20. The Battle of Gettysburg- Day 3 • July 3rd- Lee orders artillery attack with cannons at Cemetery Ridge • Gen. George Pickett orders fateful “Pickett’s Charge” up the ridge • 1000’s of Confederates mowed down

22. Gettysburg and the Aftermath • 50,000 lay dead/wounded • ½ Confederates, 1/3 of Lee’s total fighting force • Invasion of the North abandoned • Confederates retreated to VA

23. The Gettysburg Address • Nov. 1863- Lincoln travels to Gettysburg to dedicate a cemetery to the fallen soldiers http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1512410 • Preserve the US- a nation dedicated to the “proposition that all men are created equal

24. Outcome of Battles • Victories at Gettysburg and Vicksburg were w/in 1 day of each other • MS river was in Union hands • No help from Europe • Confederates still won a few battles (Chickamauga,GA in 1863)

25. The Overland Campaign • 1864- Grant recalled from the west • Lincoln puts him in charge of the entire Union Army • Sets sights on Richmond, VA

26. The Overland Campaign • Higher % casualties for Confederates • Northern public outraged by 100’s of 1000’s of casualties on both sides • Grant uses total war- attack civilian and military targets • Destroy economy that supports enemy and will of the people

28. Sherman’s March to the Sea • Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman also uses total war • Goal: capture Savannah, GA • Loot for supplies, destroy anything of value left behind • RR tracks, buildings, private homes

29. Sherman’s March to the Sea • Confederates abandon ATL as he closes in • Sherman does not, his forces burn 40% of ATL to the ground • Captures Savannah in late Dec.

31. Exit Slip • How did the two battles from today turn the tide of the war in favor of the North?