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ISIS, FETS and ASTeC David Findlay Head, Accelerator Division ISIS Department

ISIS, FETS and ASTeC David Findlay Head, Accelerator Division ISIS Department Rutherford Appleton Laboratory / STFC ASTeC 10 Years On, Thursday 13 October 2011. ASTeC, DL. Electron-proton dipole. ISIS, FETS, ASTeC (IBG),RAL. Dipole moment ~1 C.m. Electric field at 1 m: ~10 GV/m.

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ISIS, FETS and ASTeC David Findlay Head, Accelerator Division ISIS Department

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  1. ISIS, FETS and ASTeC David Findlay Head, Accelerator Division ISIS Department Rutherford Appleton Laboratory / STFC ASTeC 10 Years On, Thursday 13 October 2011

  2. ASTeC, DL Electron-proton dipole ISIS, FETS, ASTeC (IBG),RAL Dipole moment ~1 C.m Electric field at 1 m: ~10 GV/m ~1030 Debye units

  3. Overview of talk • ISISScience programmeAccelerator R&DUpgrades • Front End Test Stand • Rôle of ASTeC

  4. But first — protons in the UK • At AERE1/Harwell/NIRNS2/RHEL/RAL: • Harwell synchrocyclotron (1949, 165 MeV, 1 µA) • PLA (Proton Linear Accelerator, 1959–1969)50 MeV, 3-tank — originally was to be 600 MeV • Harwell ~7 MV tandem accelerator • Harwell VEC (Variable Energy Cyclotron, 1965–1980s) • Nimrod, 7 GeV proton synchrotron (1964–1978) • ISIS, 800 MeV proton synchrotron (1984– ) • 1 Atomic Energy Research Establishment (1946) • 2 National Institute for Research in Nuclear Science (1957)

  5. Harwell tandem

  6. PLA — Proton Linear Accelerator

  7. Aimed down runway Never built

  8. PLA tank going into Building R12 at RAL

  9. PLA tank in R5.1 — as part of new injector for Nimrod

  10. Remedial work on other tanks for new injector for Nimrod

  11. PLA tank in R5.1 — as part of injector for ISIS

  12. Cockcroft at ground-breaking ceremony for Nimrod

  13. Construction of Nimrod synchrotron hall

  14. 4.6 MVA alternator (+ 5100 HP motor + 24 ton flywheel) × 2

  15. First beam from Nimrod

  16. ISIS • World’s most productive spallation neutron source(if no longer highest beam power) • Flagship STFC facility [Sci. Tech. Facilities Council] • Driven by UK’s high-power proton accelerators • UK has largest national neutron user community of any country • Accelerator physics at ISIS necessary for continuing operations— and also for enabling entire programmes on materials R&D • Need to plan for upgrades

  17. ISIS • Fundamental purpose — to investigate structure and dynamics of molecular matter • Neutron sources complement light sources • Neutrons: ~0.1 eV → ~1Å Structure Paracetamol Atomic motions

  18. Impact of ISIS science

  19. ISIS from air

  20. RFQ: 665 keV H–, 4-rod, 202 MHz Linac: 70 MeV H–, 25 mA, 202 MHz, 200 µs, 50 pps Synchrotron: 800 MeV proton, 50 Hz 5 µC each acceleration cycle Dual harmonic RF system [Chris Prior] Targets: 2 × W (Ta coated) Protons: 2 × ~100 ns pulses, ~300 ns apart Moderators: TS-1: 2 × H2O, 1 × liq. CH4, 1 × liq. H2 TS-2: 1 × liq. H2 / solid CH4, 1 × solid CH4 Instruments: TS-1: 20 TS-2: 7 (+ 4 more now funded) ~340 staff

  21. –35 kV H– ion source

  22. 665 keV 4-rod 202 MHz RFQ

  23. 70 MeV 202 MHz 4-tank H– linac

  24. 1.3–3.1 + 2.6–6.2 MHz 70–800 MeV proton synchrotron

  25. Superperiods 9, 0 and 1 of 800 MeV synchrotron

  26. Protons to TS-2 Protons to TS-1 EPB1 and EPB2 to TS-1 and TS-2 above synchrotron

  27. ISIS TS-1 experimental hall, 20 instruments

  28. ISIS TS-2 experimental hall, 7 instruments + 4 under way

  29. TS-1 tungsten target, plates

  30. TS-2 tungsten target, solid cylinder

  31. ISIS Upgrades 0) Linac and TS-1 refurbishment 1) Linac upgrade, ~0.5 MW on TS-1 2) ~3 GeV booster synchrotron: MW target 3) 800 MeV direct injection: 2–5 MW target 4) Upgrade 3) + long pulse mode option

  32. ISIS MW Upgrade Scenarios 1) Replace 70 MeV ISIS linac by new ~180 MeV linac (~0.5 MW) 2) ~3 GeV RCS fed by bucket-to-bucket transfer from ISIS 800 MeV synchrotron (1MW, perhaps more) 3) Charge-exchange injection from 800 MeV linac (2 – 5 MW) ASTeC staff vital to success

  33. Common proton driver for neutron source and neutrino factory • Based on MW ISIS upgrade • with 800MeV Linac and 3.2GeV RCS • Assumes a sharing of the beam • power at 3.2 GeV between the • two facilities • Both facilities can have the • same ion source, RFQ, chopper, • linac, H− injection, accumulation • and acceleration to 3.2 GeV • Requires additional RCS machine in • order to meet thepower and energy • needs of theNeutrino Factory

  34. NF on Harwell Oxford site • Extensive geological • survey data available, • but needs work to • interpret implications • for deep excavation and • ground water activation muon FFAG decay ring to Norsaq 155 m below ground • UKAEA land now • not to be • decommissioned • until at least 2040 • (unless we pay • for it!) RLA 2 RLA 1 muon linac cooling phase rotation bunching decay ring to INO 440 m below ground

  35. FETS — Front End Test Stand • Actually the second front end test stand at RAL • First test stand was built to test RFQ to replace ISIS Cockcroft-Walton

  36. ISIS 665 kV Cockcroft-Walton (1984–2004)

  37. 665 keV 4-rod 202 MHz RFQ RFQ test stand ion source, LEBT, RFQ, diagnostics

  38. Front End Test Stand (FETS) • Key technology demonstrator for next generation of high power pulsed proton accelerators • ISIS upgrades • Neutrino factories • Future spallation neutron sources • Accelerator-driven systems • Waste transmutation • ... • Only dedicated high-power proton accelerator hardware R&D project in the UK

  39. Key components of FETS • High-intensity, high-duty factor, H– ion source(60 mA, 2 ms, 50 pps) • Magnetic low energy beam transport (LEBT) • 324 MHz 4-vane RFQ • Medium energy beam transport (MEBT) • Very high speed beam chopper • Comprehensive beam diagnostics • Collaboration — ISIS, ASTeC, Imperial College, Warwick University, ESS Bilbao consortium, Royal Holloway,[Huddersfield, UCL]

  40. In R8 at RAL

  41. Ion source and LEBT optimisation 60 mA H–beam current demonstrated Low measured emittance at high current in the FETS LEBT

  42. RFQ design + manufacture RFQ cold model Integrated electromagnetic, thermal, fluid flow and mechanical design Weld test models under investigation at Imperial

  43. Beam chopper • Essential for all high-power proton accelerators with rings • FETS chopper • Two-stage for wide-band functionality • Basis for ESS design

  44. 4 metres

  45. Helical prototype Planar prototype Re-bunching cavities

  46. Beam diagnostics • Already in use • Current transformers • Faraday cup • Slit-and-cup scanners for time-resolved 2D emittance • Scintillators for beam profiles • Pepper-pot for 4D phase space • Being developed • Laser photo-detachment(“laser wire”)

  47. At present • Cutting metal for RFQ • Increasing laser power for laser wire • Continuing ion source development • … • In future • Commission RFQ • Demonstrate high-quality beam chopping • Spin out hands-on accelerator expertise • …

  48. ASTeC • Re-packaging of long-held national lab. skills— larger package than in the past • Skills  NINA, SRS, Nimrod, ISIS, Diamond, ... • “ASTeC” skills enabled / continue to enableNimrod  ISISESS designs (1990s, early 2000s)ISIS second harmonic RF upgradeTS-2 FETS • ISIS Accel. Theory Group  ASTeC Intense Beams Group (IBG) — IBG still in ISIS R2 building

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