Dividing Africa

1. Dividing Africa World History Chapter 12, Section 2 Mrs. Huston

2. Nearly 3 times the size of Europe Hundred of languages Diverse types of government some large others just villages Africa is Huge!

3. Borders the Mediterranean Sea Includes the Sahara desert Part of the Muslim world Still governed by the declining Ottoman Empire North Africa

4. Led by UsmandanFodio Wanted social and religious reform Urged people to overthrow their European rulers Islamic Revival

5. Under Fodio and his successors, a powerful Muslim state grew in northern Nigeria Literacy increased Wars decreased Trade improved Good times

6. Lived in forest regions of the north Traded with Europeans and Muslims Controlled several smaller states Were resented by those they controlled Asante Kingdom

7. Big Muslim influence Two large port cities Mombasa Kilwa Slave trade, ivory and copper East Africa

8. Zulus were a major tribe Leader—Shaka ruthless, brilliant Conquered many neighbors Caused mass migration and chaos in the region Southern Africa

9. Settled by the Dutch British took over Boers (Dutch) came north because they resented the British—Great Trek Boers threatened the Zulus Long war began Cape Colony

10. Europeans began to outlaw it in the early 1800s, but didn’t end immediately East African trade continued w/Asia British created Sierra Leone for resettled slaves US created Liberia nearby The Slave Trade

11. 1500s-1700s trade with Africa along the coast Several factors kept the Europeans from moving in More European Contact

12. African resistance Difficult geography Tropical diseases Deterrents

13. New medicines reduced the effects of disease Steamships enabled Europeans to go up the rivers What changed?

14. Explorers: Mungo Park and Richard Burton Made maps of major river systems Who came?

15. Missionaries: Catholic Protestant Built schools and medical clinics Paternalistic attitude Who Else?

16. Dr. David Livingstone Traveled Africa for 30 years Opposed slavery Followed by Henry Stanley who looked for him Best-known

17. King Leopold II of Belgium hired Stanley to explore the Congo River and make trade agreements Other countries jumped in because they didn’t want to lose out on profit Colonies

18. 1884 Supposed to avoid fighting and bloodshed among European countries No Africans invited Berlin Conference

19. Recognized Leopold’s claims, but wanted free trade on the Congo and Niger rivers European countries had to set up a government office in areas they were claiming In the next 20 yrs, Europe divided up almost all of Africa among themselves Results

20. outrage over the reports of brutality in Leopold’s private domain caused him to be forced to turn it over to the Belgian government Leopold loses land

21. Already had Algeria Extended along Mediterranean into Tunisia Claimed land in West and Central Africa France

22. More scattered claims than France More populated areas Rich resources Took the cape from the Boers in the Boer War Britain

23. Join in for power, wealth, etc. Portuguese: Angola and Mozambique Italy: Libya, Somalia, etc. Germany: Cameroon, Togo Other countries

24. SamoriTouré fought the French British fought Zulus & Asante Asante led by Yan Asantewaa Nehanda led the Shona Germans fought the Yao and Herero and the Maji-Maji Rebellion Africans Resist

25. Ancient Christian kingdom Managed to resist European colonization Menelik II modernized his country roads, bridges school system Only African nation to remain independent Ethiopia

26. Western educated--upper class Some middle class Africans admired whites and rejected their own culture Others valued African traditions, rejected white society and began to pursue independence New African Elite

27. THE END