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Italian Emergency Department: Quick and Competent Treatment

If you're considering seeking medical treatment in Italy, think again. While the emergency department (Pronto Soccorso) provides efficient and free treatment, non-emergency cases face bureaucratic hurdles and delays. This article highlights the differences in the Italian healthcare system and the challenges patients may face.

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Italian Emergency Department: Quick and Competent Treatment

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  1. Il Pronto Soccorso come approdo

  2. Thinking of travelling to Italy for treatment? I would think again In my experience there are two different Italian health systems. If you get hit by a scooter, or (as happened to our son) get kicked in the jaw by a mate and bite a hole in your tongue, you rush to the nearest hospital with an Emergency (Pronto Soccorso) department. There is often a substantial wait in dingy, comfortless surroundings, but no questions are asked beyond name and address, no payment demanded, and the treatment when it comes is brisk, informal yet highly competent. They deal with patients straightforwardly: "Either he can stay in overnight, have an aesthetic and we'll do it in the morning," the doctor explained about Gabriel's tongue, "or we can put the stitches in right now.“ Right now, we said courageously, and it was all over in half an hour. No messing, plenty of adrenaline, and above all (a miracle in Italy) no bureaucracy. And completely free. We could have been from Los Angeles or the backside of Romania and the attitude of the staff would have been the same.

  3. Thinking of travelling to Italy for treatment? I would think again But when the case is not an emergency, there is no urgency and the Italian genius for creating bureaucratic impediments can really get going. I broke a wrist in London and had it set in plaster there, but then had to return to our base in Rome where the plaster would have to be removed, the fracture X-rayed and new plaster applied. Simple stuff, you would think. But the fact that I had not been referred by an Italian hospital immediately threw the system into a tizzy. But in contrast to Pronto Soccorso, the whole outpatients' department had a seedy, corrupt air about it. The X-ray technicians went about their work sighing with boredom, the consultant could barely disguise the ennui my case induced, and got rid of me as fast was decent, or a little faster. Every subsequent appointment had to be approved and processed by the equivalent of the local GP. And every visit I was required to pay tens of euros. Peter Popham. Thursday 20 December 2007

  4. “Sono orgoglioso di far parte di un Sistema che nello spirito e richiamando i principi fondatori del Sistema Sanitario Nazionale, tratta tutti coloro che arrivano in Pronto Soccorso alla stessa maniera classificandoli per codice colore in funzione dei bisogni e non per censo.

  5. In particolare è pensando ai bisogni “deboli” quelli dei codici meno urgenti che emerge quanto il Pronto Soccorso sia il punto di effettiva accessibilità ed equità del Sistema Sanitario Nazionale

  6. Questi codici sono prerogative delle categorie deboli e disagiate quali gli anziani polipatologici, gli extracomunitari, le persone con problemi psicosociali e la discriminazione verso i più deboli viene ricomposta in questo luogo (il Pronto Soccorso). E questo stare dalla parte dei deboli rende forte la nostra categoria.” Massimo Pesenti Campagnoni. DEA di Aosta

  7. Frequent attenders to an Emergency Department: A study of primary health care use, medical profile, and psychosocial characteristics Frequent attenders to the ED are also heavy users of general practice services, other primary care services, and other hospital services. General Medical Services–eligible patients (84% of frequent attenders) frequently attend the ED, even though they have free access to primary care. Frequent attenders are a psychosocially vulnerable group, and service providers and policy makers need to take account of this vulnerable patient profile as they endeavor to meet their service needs. M Byrne, et al. Ann Emerg Med. 2003;41:309-318.

  8. Despite the fact that they may be as sick as other, non frequent attenders, frequent attenders are often perceived as time consuming “illegitimate” users of Emergency department resources. From the patient’s viewpoint, despite having good access to primary health care, the emergency department is seen as the most appropriate place to seek help because of a percived need for urgent care.

  9. Il Pronto Soccorso all’interno del SSN

  10. Una visione d’insieme Per affrontare e risolvere i problemi che travagliano oggi i servizi di emergenza sanitaria (territoriale e ospedaliera) occorre guardare al SSN come a un sistema le cui diverse componenti debbono coordinare e integrare le proprie azioni.

  11. Una disciplina diversa dalle altre La nascita e l'affermazione della Medicina e Chirurgia d'Urgenza non corrisponde alla importazione nel nostro paese dell'ennesima specializzazione medica. Al contrario rappresenta il tentativo di porre freno alle esasperazioni del riduzionismo medico e di rifondare una pratica interdisciplinare delle cure che ricompone attorno alla unitarietà del paziente urgente conoscenze e competenze appartenenti a discipline diverse che richiedono però di essere utilizzate in modo integrato.

  12. Favorire i cambiamenti La pratica della medicina d'urgenza è cambiata e stanno cambiando la sua collocazione e il suo ruolo nel percorso di cura. Cos'è oggi il pronto soccorso? Un passaggio o un approdo? Qual è la sua funzione essenziale? Stabilizzare il paziente per ricoverarlo il più rapidamente possibile nel posto giusto? Oppure formulare una diagnosi e avviare il trattamento che saranno poi confermati e monitorati durante il ricovero.

  13. L'esercizio della funzione di emergenza secondo i principi della Medicina e Chirurgia d‘Urgenza, con personale specializzato e stabilmente dedicato a questa funzione, ha e sta sicuramente trasformando il pronto soccorso in un luogo di diagnosi e cura. Una specie di conclusione del percorso territoriale (che ha sempre più le caratteristiche del passaggio: stabilizzare e trasportare in fretta) e di inizio del percorso ospedaliero.

  14. La gran parte dei pazienti che arriva nei nostri DEA giunge poi in reparto con una diagnosi ormai definitiva e, spesso, anche con un trattamento avviato. Ammettere una tale trasformazione della funzione d'emergenza comporta conseguenze sul piano della sua collocazione nell'organizzazione ospedaliera sia su quello delle risorse necessarie per svolgere tale ruolo.

  15. L’invecchiamento della popolazione e la necessità di ripensare la risposte dei Pronto Soccorso

  16. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), between 2015 and 2050, the proportion of the world’s population over 60 years will double, and by 2050 there will be more than 400 million people aged 80 and older worldwide. Notably, among the elderly population, only 15% of all deaths are due to an “acute” disease or trauma, whereas 85% are related to chronic diseases

  17. Despite policymakers and healthcare professionals tend to believe that people prefer dying at home, the majority of deaths occur in the hospital environment (e.g., the rate is as high as 66% in the United Kingdom), a third of which occurring in the first few hours of hospital admission, often still in the ED

  18. Unavoidable deaths in the Italian Emergency Departments. Results of a ten years survey. A mirror of substantial social changes, or a warning for a hospital-system pathology ? Cervellin G, Casagranda I, Ricci G, MezzocolliI , Paolillo C, Rossi R, Bellone A, Stefano Guzzetti S, Giostra F, Rastelli G, Cavazza M Emerg Care J (in press)

  19. Geriatric ED patient Non-geriatric ED patient Single complaint Multiple problem medical functional social Acute Acute on chronic , subacute Control symptoms Maximize function Enhance quality of life Diagnose and treat Rapid disposition Continuity of care

  20. Transforming emergency care for older adults Older adults seen in the Emergency Department have increasingly complex medical and psychosocial care needs. Unlike their younger counterparts, they are more likely to have cognitive impairment, falls, depression, functional impairment, depression, and sensory impairment and to be taking multiple medications. These characteristics complicate the evaluation and management of older adults in the emergency department Health Aff (Millwood). 2013 December ; 32(12): 2116–2121

  21. The usual model for Emergency Department care in the U.S. consists of rapid patient evaluation, diagnosis of acute medical conditions, treatment, and then discharge home or admission to an inpatient unit. Such care processes, however, focus on the needs of the health care system and not the special care older patients require By “geriatricizing” the traditional Emergency Department, a geriatric Emergency Department model of care includes interdisciplinary staff education in evidence based protocols for the geriatric syndromes and conditions described above, care coordination, and appropriate structural modifications to the physical space—all of which have been shown to successfully improve the quality of care and safety of older adults while lowering inpatient costs

  22. Carenza di specialisti e crisi del sistema

  23. Fonte ANAAO 2016

  24. Fonte ANAAO 2016

  25. La Medicina di Emergenza e Urgenza • Specialità recente • Necessita di un elevato numero di specialisti • Numero di contratti di formazione specialistica assegnati assolutamente insufficienti

  26. La proposta La Rete Ospedaliera per l’ Insegnamento • Recuperando il ruolo degli ospedali di II livello (HUB) nella formazione specialistica • Ospedali di II livello con standard adeguati • Attrezzature • Personale • Procedure • Un sistema integrato tra Università e SSN

  27. La proposta La Rete Ospedaliera per l’ Insegnamento • Iniziare con la Medicina di Emergenza e Urgenza • una sperimentazione • Aumento del numero di specialisti in formazione (che altrimenti non saranno mai sufficienti) • Sollievo per le acute carenze oggi presenti nei nostri Dipartimenti

  28. Conclusioni

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