Introduction to .NET: A Framework for OS-Platform-Independent Application Development

1. .NETOverview Yingcai Xiao

2. (1) Local: CLI (Command Line Interface) GUI (Graphical User Interface) NUI (Natural User Interface) (2) Web: Server Side, Web Applications, Web Services 4-Tir Enterprise Applications, (3) Cloud: IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service): HW PaaS (Platform as a Service): OS SaaS (Software as a Service): SW Types of Programming

3. C# n.n and the .NET n.n Framework, Andrew Troelsen and Philip Japikse, Apress http://proquest.safaribooksonline.com/book/programming/csharp/9781484213322 https://www.amazon.com/C-6-0-NET-4-6-Framework/dp/1484213335/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1497216117&sr=1-1&keywords=C%23+6.0+and+the+.NET+4.6+Framework Pro ASP.NET MVC, Adam Freeman, Apress http://proquest.safaribooksonline.com/book/programming/microsoft-aspdotnet/9781430265290 https://www.amazon.com/Pro-ASP-NET-Experts-Voice-ASP-Net/dp/1430265299/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1497215850&sr=1-1&keywords=Pro+ASP.NET+MVC+5 Reference Books

4. Reference Books: Professional C# and .NET, Christian Nagel, et. al., Wrox Professional C#, Simon Robinson, et. al., Wrox Microsoft .NET for Programmers, Fergal Grimes, Manning Programming C#: Building .NET Applications with C#, Jesse Liberty, O’Reilly For Beginners: C# Concisely, Bishop & Horspool, Pearson / Addison Wesley Beginning C# Objects from Concepts to Code, Barker and Palmer, Apress Microsoft Visual C#.NET Step by Step, John Sharp, Microsoft Press Visual C#20xx, Deitel & Deitel Understanding .NET, David Chappell, Pearson / Addison Wesley Reference Books

5. Integrated Development Platform (IDE): Microsoft Visual Studio 2012 (Web) From Microsoft Imagine (free downloads) The lab computers: CAS 241 and 254 With Microsoft Visual Studio 2012 Windows 7 Server for the course: winverv1.cs.uakron.edu With Microsoft Visual Studio 2012 Windows Server System Support

6. An Introduction to C# and .NET

7. .Net is a framework for developing OS-platform-independent, Programming-language-independent, web-enabled, distributed applications. What is .NET?

8. Common Binary Code

9. The trend to support OS-independent binary code is to compile the source code into the binary format of an intermediate language. • And to provide an interpreter for the intermediate language on each OS to translate the binary code of the intermediate language into the native binary code of the OS. OS-Independent Code: Intermediate Languages

10. Java Intermediate Language: Java Bytecode Java Source Code (.java) Java Compiler (javac) on OS1 Java Compiler (javac) on OS2 Java Bytecode (.class) Java Interpreter on OS1 (java) Program statements are interpreted one at a time during the run-time. Java Interpreter on OS2 (java) Binary Code for OS1 Binary Code for OS2 OS1 OS2

11. An interpreter interprets intermediate code one line at a time. Slow execution. • A JIT (Just-In-Time) compiler compiles the complete code all at once into native binary code before execution. Faster execution. JIT Compiler

12. JIT Complier: Java Bytecode Compiler Java Source Code (.java) Java Compiler (javac) on OS1 Java Compiler (javac) on OS2 Java Bytecode (.class) Java JIT Compiler on OS1 All programming statements are compiled at compile time. Java JIT Compiler on OS2 Binary Code for OS1 Binary Code for OS2 OS1 OS2

13. MSIL: Microsoft Intermediate Language Source Code for Language 1 Language 1 Compiler on OS1 Language 1 Compiler on OS2 MSIL Code MSIL JIT Compiler on OS1 .NET OS-Platform-Independence MSIL JIT Compiler on OS2 Binary Code for OS1 Binary Code for OS2 OS1 OS2

14. A Common Language

15. To make .NET language independent, CLR (Common Language Runtime) is defined as the runtime environment. • CLR defines CTS (Common Type System) which should be followed by all languages to be used in the .NET framework. • Syntax: int, for, …, struct, class, • Semantics: multiple inheritance not allowed in CTS • Object Oriented: encapsulation, inheritance and polymorphism Visual Basic (.Net) redesigned to be OO • The code that follows CTS standard is called managed code. regular C++ supports multiple inheritance managed C++ does not support multiple inheritance .NET Common Language Runtime

16. Source Code for Language 1 Source Code for Language 2 Language 1 Compiler on OS1 Language 2 Compiler on OS2 MSIL Code Confirming CTS (Managed Code) CLR on OS1 .NET Architecture for Language and Platform Independence (fan-in and fan-out on MSIL) CLR on OS2 Binary Code for OS1 Binary Code for OS2 OS1 OS2

17. CLI (Common Language Infrastructure) CLR/CTS for Everyone

18. A specification defines an environment for multiple high-level languages to be used on different computer platforms. • Created by Microsoft based on .NET, standardized by MS, Intel, HP and others, ratified by ECMA and ISO. • .NET is an implementation of CLI for desktop systems. • .NET Compact Framework is an implementation of CLI for portable devices. • Open Source implementations: Mono development platform (Novell), Portable .NET (dotGNU) CLI : Common Language Infrastructure

19. Source Code for Language 1 Source Code for Language 2 Language 1 Compiler on OS1 Language 2 Compiler on OS2 CIL (Common Intermediate Language) Code Confirming CTS (Common Type System) CLR for OS1 CLI (Common Language Infrastructure) Specification Open Architecture for Language and Platform Independent Programming CLR for OS2 Binary Code for OS1 Binary Code for OS2 OS1 OS2

20. Even though, CLI/CTS/CLR can make a program written in any language to run on any platform, the entire program (including all libraries used) has to be on the platform before running. Can we have part of a program on one computer and another part of the same program on another computer? Distributed Computing. A program is divided into multiple parts and different parts are distribute on different computers. e.g. remote surgery.

21. Web Enabled & Distributed .NET

22. To run distributed code on the web, we need a standardized way to register and access the code. • Registration: UDDI Registry: Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration. • Access: SOAP: Simple Object Access Protocol WSDL: Web Service Description Language .Net is Web-enabled and Distributed

23. A Common Language for the Internet (free of compilation and translation)

24. Tim Berners-Lee, Director of WWW Consortium • CERN : Center for European Particle Research • ASCII text (ISO/IEC 8859-1) is platform-independent. • HTTP (Hyper Text Transport Protocol) • e.g. • GET wp.html • Assembly Language for the Internet • HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) • High-level language for the Internet) • hyper text: text that describes other text • tags: type definition of text in text • <title>WP</title> • all tags are predefined in HTML • only system defined types, no user defined types • Recognizable by all types of computers. (World Wide Web) A Common Language for the Internet

25. HTTP: Communication protocol between client and server. • HTML: Common language for the WWW Interpreted by web browsers • HTML5: <video>, <audio>, <canvas>, SVG, MathML https://www.khronos.org/webgl/wiki/Tutorial https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML5 https://www.w3.org/TR/html5/ A Common Language for the Internet

26. XML (eXtensible Markup Language) Allow user defined tags (types) • SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) Standards for defining objects for the Internet Based on XML A Common Language for the Internet • WSDL (Web Service Description Language) Standards for describing web services for the Internet Based on XML

27. .NET Architecture for Web-based Distributed Computing Client 1 UDDI Registry 2 SOAP Client 2 UDDI Registry 1 SOAP Web Service 1 WSDL Interface 1 Web Service 2 WSDL Interface 2 WEB

28. Types of Programming • .Net • Platform Independence • Programming Language Independence • Web Enabled • Distributed Computing Summary