Water Supply and Distribution

1. Water Supply and Distribution Where’s the water??? (brainstorm) Did you know that over 70% of the earth is covered by water?

2. Interesting • What do you notice about the lakes of Georgia?

3. Why is water so important? • energy from rivers (hydroelectric) • transportation • irrigation • weathering, erosion and deposition (shapes our land) • DRINKING---we can’t live without it (our bodies are mostly water—65%).

4. Almost all the water on Earth is salty/ocean water (97%). Oceans have a salinity of about 3-4%. Of the three percent that is fresh water, 76% is frozen and 23% is underground. Water H2O on Earth

5. Icebergs and Glaciers (river of flowing ice)

7. Where is most of the water in the world found? • A. Underground • B. In the oceans • C. In the air (clouds and water vapor) • D. Frozen (ice)

8. In what form is the majority of the world’s FRESH water? • A. In the air as a gas (water vapor) • B. In the air as a liquid (clouds and precipitation) • C. As a liquid on the Earth’s surface (ponds, streams, etc) • D. Frozen (solid ice—glaciers, etc.)

9. From largest to smallest, the amounts of water on Earth are • A. liquid fresh water, solid fresh water, salt water. • B. salt water, solid fresh water, liquid fresh water. • C. salt water, liquid surface fresh water, solid freshwater, groundwater. • D. groundwater, salt water, solid fresh water.

11. The Water Cycle Chapter 11-1

12. The Water Cycle

13. 3 phases/states of matter

14. the continuous movement of water through Earth’s atmosphere and ground The water cycle is driven (powered) by the sun. The Water Cycle

15. 7. Clouds • Where’s the: • Runoff • Lake • Groundwater • River • Ocean • Plants • Clouds • Hill/Mountain • Water vapor 9. Water Vapor 8. Hill 1. RUNOFF 6. Plants 2. Lake 4. River 3. Groundwater 5. Ocean

16. process when the sun heats up the water in rivers, lakes, and oceans and turns it into water vapor (gas), which goes into the atmosphere Rain is always fresh water! Evaporation (liquid to gas)

17. Water vapor cools as it rises in the air. Makes clouds Lab later: As the vapor cools and reaches the dew point, the water vapor will condense around dust particles and form clouds. Condensation (gas to liquid)

18. Cloud particles gets heavy enough to fall to the ground as rain, snow, sleet, or hail. FYI: Most water molecules only spend about ten days in the air before falling back as precipitation. Precipitation

19. Much of the precipitation runs off the surface and flows downhill into streams. Then it flow into larger streams, then rivers, and eventually flow back into the ocean. Surface Runoff

20. Infiltration is an important process where rain water soaks into the ground also called percolation Infiltration

21. Groundwater • Some of the water remains underground and is called groundwater.  As the water infiltrates through the soil and rock layers, the water is filtered (cleaned).

22. Plants absorb water from the soil, which moves from the roots through the stems to the leaves. After photosynthesis, excess water vapor leaves the leaf (from the underside of the leaves) through transpiration. Animals perspire, Plants transpire Transpiration

23. 5. Condensation 4. Precipitation • Where would you find: • Evaporation • Transpiration • Runoff • Precipitation • Condensation 1. Evaporation 2. Transpiration 3. Runoff

24. The total amount of water on the Earth has not changed much since early in its history. The same water is cycled over and over. The water you drink at lunch was probably drunk by a dinosaur millions of years ago! Earth’s Water Supply

25. AC: Watershed(or drainage basin) • The area of land that is drained by a river system • Largest is the Mississippi River watershed

27. Water Conservation • The United States has the highest per capita use of water. (WE USE A LOT!) • What is contamination? Give three examples in your notes • How do we conserve water? Give three examples in your notes

29. Which 1 word does not belong?(what is the main idea?) • A. Vapor • B. Liquid • C. Solid • D. Melting • E. Phase

30. Which 1 word does not belong?(what is the main idea?) • A. Liquid • B. Solid • C. Condensation • D. Vapor • E. Cloud • F. Cooling

31. Which 1 word does not belong?(what is the main idea?) • A. Evaporation • B. Solid • C. Liquid • D. Vapor • E. Heating • F. Sun

32. What powers the water cycle? • A. Georgia Power Company • B. Love • C. Gravity • D. The sun

33. At which point in the diagram is precipitation most likely taking place? A Point A B Point B C Point C D Point D

34. The cooling of water vapor leads FIRST to • A. cloud formation. • B. evaporation. • C. formation of groundwater. • D. precipitation.

35. Precipitation can be in the form of • A. only a liquid. • B. only a solid. • C. only a gas. • D. a solid or a liquid.

36. Which is closest to the process of evaporation? • A. Boiling • B. Freezing • C. Condensing • D. Melting

37. _____________ is the process by which water moves through the atmosphere and back to Earth’s surface. • A. Rock cycle • B. Hydrologic Cycle • C. Water Cycle • D. B and C are correct • E. A and C are correct

38. In the water cycle, the sun’s energy causes A. evaporation. B. condensation. C. precipitation. D. percolation.

39. Water VAPOR is a • A. solid. • B. liquid. • C. gas. • D. form of energy.