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THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

Explore the functions and components of the male and female reproductive systems, including common disorders. Learn about sperm production, egg release, hormonal balance, and menstrual cycles. Discover key organs like testes, ovaries, uterus, and more.

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THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

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  1. THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

  2. Male Reproductive System • To produce sperm, semen & testosterone • Aids in reproduction & excretes wastes • Allows for Erection & Ejaculation

  3. SPERM • Male reproductive cell responsible for fertilization. Contains half of the DNA needed for the development of a human being.

  4. VAS DEFERENS • Tube which sperm and/or semen are transported through.

  5. Pubic Bone-protection

  6. Testes or Testicle • Two egg-shaped structures responsible for making sperm and producing the male hormone testosterone.

  7. EPIDIDYMIS • Located above testes and is responsible for maturation of sperm.

  8. SCROTUM • Houses and protects testes. • It is responsible for regulating temperature of the testes.

  9. Seminal Vesicle Responsible for making 60% of the Semen

  10. Prostate Gland Responsible for making 35% of the semen

  11. Cowper’s Glandor Bulbourethral Gland Responsible for producing 5% of Semen

  12. Urinary Bladder • Stores Urine

  13. URETHRA • Transports and excretes semen or urine out of the penis. Semen = sperm + fluids.

  14. PENIS • Main external organ of the male reproductive system.

  15. FORESKIN • Layer of skin located around penis. • Main function is protection of penis.

  16. Anus-excretes fecesRectum-stores and excretes feces

  17. CIRCUMCISION • Surgical procedure in which the foreskin is removed from the tip of the penis.

  18. DISORDERS OF THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

  19. TESTICULAR TORSION • Spermatic Cords, which suspend testes, become twisted during sleep or even exercise. *Emergency situation*

  20. UNDESCENDED TESTES • When one or both testes remain inside the body. Result can be cancer or infertility.

  21. INGUINAL HERNIA • Part of intestine protrudes into the scrotum through a weakness in abdominal wall.

  22. ENLARGED PROSTATE GLAND • Prostate gland increases in size and obstructs the outlet of the urinary bladder.

  23. PROSTATE CANCER • Cancer in the prostate gland. Requires surgical treatment. If left untreated, death can occur.

  24. TESTICULAR CANCER • Cancer of the testical. • Most common in males ages 15-35. • Early detection is key!

  25. INFERTILITY • Unable to reproduce due to low sperm count. • Causes: Drugs, x-rays or genetics.

  26. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

  27. FUNCTIONS • Release mature eggs • Produces estrogen and progesterone • Aids in reproduction • Excretes urine • Aids in menstruation

  28. OVARIES • Release mature egg(s) and produces female sex hormones; estrogen and progesterone. • Size of Almond

  29. FALLOPIAN TUBES • Carries mature egg(s) to uterus. • Fertilization usually occurs here.

  30. UTERUS • Pear-shaped muscular organ that provides a place for fertilized egg to grow. Houses endometrium if unfertilized. • Contracts

  31. ENDOMETRIUM • Lining of uterus. • If egg is fertilized, it provides nutrients. • If unfertilized, it is shed during menstruation.

  32. CERVIX • Produces cervical mucus, expands to deliver baby & contracts during menstruation if necessary. • At base of uterus.

  33. VAGINAL CANAL • Allows for excretion of endometrium/egg (unfertilized) or baby (fertilized) • Aids in reproduction • Provides lubrication

  34. VULVA: Three Components • Clitoris: Aids in lubrication & stimulation. • Labia Majora: protection • Labia Minora: protection

  35. URETHRA • Excretes Urine

  36. Mons Pubis • Extra fat that forms padding on the front pelvic bone • Function-cushion for pain-free reproduction

  37. The Menstrual Cycle • It starts the first day you menstruate. That is day 1 and will last between 28-35 days. • So on day 1 the uterian lining will be excreted out of the uterus. • The menstrual flow is 2 oz of fluid and the lining. This will be released for around 4 days.

  38. Days 5-12 • The uterus prepares the lining for the new egg. Hormones are released in order to thicken the lining.

  39. Days 13-14 • Ovulation occurs which is the release of a mature egg(s).

  40. Days 15-20 • Body provides nourishing secretions for the egg in the fallopian tube • Uterus stops contracting • Breast ducts are stimulated • Uterine lining is thickened

  41. Days 21-28 • If fertilization did not occur, the uterus shrinks, the endometrium does not receive any more nutrients and dies. This lining will then be shed by uterus contracting. • The first day the lining is shed is day 1 for the next menstrual cycle.

  42. Female Reproductive System Disorders

  43. Menstrual Cramps • EXTREMEPAIN in the lower abdominal area caused by the contraction of the uterus.

  44. Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) • Bloating, headaches, tender breasts, constipation, fatigue, depression, anger & anxiety

  45. VAGINITIS • Infection of the vagina • Caused by fungus, bacteria or protozoa • S&S: Itching, discharge & odor.

  46. TOXIC SHOCK SYNDROME(TSS) • Bacterial infection associated with the use of tampons • S&S: fever, nausea, dizziness & rash. • Could cause death.

  47. OVARIAN CYSTS • Cysts on ovaries • Experience pain or no pain • Large cysts must be treated medically. • Small can disappear.

  48. CANCER • Cancer on any of female reproductive organs. • Early detection, pap test & mammograms are necessary.

  49. Infertility • Failure to release an egg. • Causes: low body weight, scar tissue in fallopian tubes or STDs.

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