SITUATEDNESS

1. SITUATEDNESS John S Gero MIT Class 4.209 Winter 2002

2. Situatedness Basic Ideas Interaction not just encoding Construction not just recall Cognitive Science Dewey (1896): “Sequences of acts are composed such that subsequent experiences categorize and hence give meaning to what was experienced before.” Gero (1998): “where you are when you do what you do matters” Experimental Studies Schön and Wiggins (1992): “interaction of making and seeing” Suwa, Gero and Purcell (1999): “Sketches serve as a physical setting in which design thoughts are constructed on the fly in a situated way.” John S Gero MIT Class 4.209 Winter 2002

3. “Where you are when, matters” John S Gero MIT Class 4.209 Winter 2002

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6. “What you focus on, matters” John S Gero MIT Class 4.209 Winter 2002

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9. “What you are looking for affects what you see” John S Gero MIT Class 4.209 Winter 2002

10. No unique representation of world, depends partly on your expectations John S Gero MIT Class 4.209 Winter 2002

11. Constructive Memory SITUATION EXPERIENCE MEMORIES John S Gero MIT Class 4.209 Winter 2002

12. Constructive Memory John S Gero MIT Class 4.209 Winter 2002

13. pull push Interpretation Hypothesizing SITUATEDNESS: An interaction of different worlds Action Expected World Interpreted World External World John S Gero MIT Class 4.209 Winter 2002

14. Process Theory of Designing based on FBS PROCESS THEORY of DESIGNING 1 = formulation 2 = synthesis 3 = analysis 4 = evaluation 5 = documentation 6 = reformulation -1 7 = reformulation -2 8 = reformulation -3 F = function  = transformation Be = expected behavior  = comparison Bs = behavior derived from structure S = structure D = design description John S Gero MIT Class 4.209 Winter 2002

15. Situated FBS Theory of Designing New processes transformation comparison focussing push-pull John S Gero MIT Class 4.209 Winter 2002

16. Formulation John S Gero MIT Class 4.209 Winter 2002

17. Synthesis John S Gero MIT Class 4.209 Winter 2002

18. Analysis John S Gero MIT Class 4.209 Winter 2002

19. Evaluation John S Gero MIT Class 4.209 Winter 2002

20. Documentation John S Gero MIT Class 4.209 Winter 2002

21. Reformulation Type 1 John S Gero MIT Class 4.209 Winter 2002

22. Reformulation Type 2 John S Gero MIT Class 4.209 Winter 2002

23. Reformulation Type 3 John S Gero MIT Class 4.209 Winter 2002

24. Initial Representation John S Gero MIT Class 4.209 Winter 2002

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26. Example Sepulchral Church, Sir John Soane, 1796 John S Gero MIT Class 4.209 Winter 2002

27. Learning the situatedness John S Gero MIT Class 4.209 Winter 2002

28. Multiple situations John S Gero MIT Class 4.209 Winter 2002

29. S 1 S 1 S 1 S 1 S S 2 2 S 3 S 1 S S 1 S 1 1 ( a ) ( b ) S S 1 1 S S S 1 1 3 S 3 S S 2 2 S S 3 3 S S S 3 1 1 S S 1 1 ( c ) ( d ) Implementation John S Gero MIT Class 4.209 Winter 2002

30. Providing different moves(alternatives) in response to design actions John S Gero MIT Class 4.209 Winter 2002

31. Schön and Wiggins (1992): “interaction of making and seeing” • Representation (R) • Process (P) • Computation (C) • C = P x {R} • C = R x{P} John S Gero MIT Class 4.209 Winter 2002

32. Situated Sketching (after Stiny & after Schön)  An area of interest is focused on. Memory constructed from previous, recalled experiences.  Situations are constructed/recalled.  “Interesting” new shapes are learned.      Situated “Reflection-in-Action” John S Gero MIT Class 4.209 Winter 2002