WHEELS & TIRES

1. WHEELS & TIRES

2. Raw Rubber Steel Nylon Polyester Rayon Carbon Black Synthetic Rubber Fiberglass Aramid Brass What Tires Are Made Of…

3. What Is Pneumatic Tire? • One that is filled with compressed air • All tires manufactured today are considered Pneumatic tires. • First device to damped road shock

4. Who Invented The First Pneumatic Tire? • John Dunlop in 1887 • 1890 he began the Dunlop Rubber Co in Dublin Ireland

5. Why are Tires Black? • To protect the rubber from the harmful UV rays. • A common type of UV stabilizer called a competitive absorber is added to capture and absorb these harmful UV light wave energy.

6. The cord angle is also reversed from ply to ply. Tread is bonded directly to the top ply. A bias ply tire has plies running at an angle from beadto bead. Bias Ply Tire

7. Belted Bias Tire • Is a bias tire with belts added to increase tread stiffness. • These belts are also ran at a different angle. • These belts only lie on the tread area and not on the side walls, like cords.

8. Radial Ply Tire • Has plies running straight across from bead to bead with stabilizer belts lying directly beneath the tread. • This results in the radial having flexible side wall, but a stiff tread.

9. Tire Cutaway

10. Tire Sidewall Info

11. Tire Size

12. Load Index P195/60R15 87S - The load index (87) is the tire size's assigned numerical value used to compare relative load carrying capabilities. In the case of our example the 87 identifies the tires ability to carry approximately 1,201 pounds. The higher the tire's load index number, the greater its load carrying capacity. 89 = 1,279 pounds88 = 1,235 pounds87 = 1,201 pounds86 = 1,168 pounds85 = 1,135 pounds

13. Speed Rating Rating Maximum Speed Q 99 mph S 112 mph T 118 mph U 124 mph H 130 mph V 149 mph W 168 mph Y 186 mph Z Above 149 mph

14. TIRE GRADING Tread Wear – Tire life expectations 100 is base line, 150 is 50% better Traction Rating – Braking capabilities A, B, C designations Temp. Rating – Ability to withstand extreme heat A, B, C designations

15. Tire Pressure • Should be check monthly • Should be checked cold • For every 10° Fahrenheit change in air temperature, your tire's inflation pressure will change by about 1 psi • The EPA says your mileage drops 1% for every 2 pounds under the recommended tire pressure.

16. Tire Pressure Placard • Use the tire pressure recommended in your vehicle's owner's manual or tire information placard

17. Effects of Low Tire Pressure Over Inflation

18. Effects of Low Tire Pressure Under Inflation

19. Effects of Mismatched Tires • Different Manufactures • Different sizes • New and/or used tires • Effects on speedometer • Effects on ABS/Traction Control Systems • Effects on vehicle handling

20. Cupping

21. Bulge

22. Chunk Outs

23. Cracks

24. Side Wear & Feathering

25. Static Balance • Equals out wheel tramp

26. Dynamic Balance Equals out wobble

27. Tire Pull • Defective/damaged tires • Bent wheel (rim) • Excessive shoulder wear • Excessive feathering

28. Tire Pressure Monitoring • Warns of significant lose of tire pressure • First used on 1994 Corvette • All cars & LD Trucks must have TP system by 2008 • Two types: Direct and Indirect

29. Direct TP Warning System • Computer controlled (BCM) w/ radio transmitters in wheels (pressure sensors) • Transmits actual TP of each tire • Displays on IPC • Diagnostic capabilities

30. Indirect TP Warning System • ABS based system, using existing ABS hardware, w/ software mods • Changes in TP affect tire circumference, affecting tire speed • Sensors monitor each wheels speed, compairs to one another • Approx. 7 psi difference to trigger warning

31. Run Flat Tires • Temp. supports weight of vehicle with no air pressure • Internal support, thicker side walls, stronger beads. • Can maintain Mobility for 50 miles up to 55 mph

32. The End for this tire