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Exploring Programming Languages: From FORTRAN to WHYP

Delve into the history of programming languages from FORTRAN to WHYP, tracing their evolution and significance. Learn about Reverse Polish Notation (RPN) and the unique features of WHYP and Forth, such as stack usage and postfix notation. Discover how Chuck Moore's WHYP and Forth languages have influenced the programming landscape. Explore the principles, syntax, and applications of these languages through comprehensive examples and explanations.

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Exploring Programming Languages: From FORTRAN to WHYP

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  1. Programming Languages From FORTRAN to WHYP

  2. A Brief History of Programming Languages http://www.byte.com/art/9509/sec7/art19.htm http://merd.net/pixel/language-study/diagram.html

  3. How would you have a computer evaluate this expression? X = A*B + (C – D)/(E + F) Reverse Polish Notation (RPN) Postfix AB*CD-EF+/+

  4. Forth http://www.ultratechnology.com/dindex.htm

  5. WHYP • Pronounced “whip” • “Words to Help You Program” • Subroutine-threaded Forth for Embedded Systems • 68HC11 (16-bit) • 68332 (32-bit) • 68HC12 (16-bit)

  6. WHYP is developed from scratch in the new book:Design of Embedded Systems Using 68HC12/11 MicrocontrollersbyRichard E. HaskellPrentice Hall, 2000

  7. FORTH is a programming language that --- • was invented by Charles Moore in the early 70’s • is extensible • keeps all definitions in a dictionary • is extremely compact • is recursive • can be programmed in RAM, PROM, or ROM • is structured • uses a stack and postfix notation

  8. Chuck Moore reading Haskell’s WHYP book

  9. WHYP Colon Definitions : squared ( n -- n**2) DUP * ; : cubed ( n -- n**3) DUP \ n n squared \ n n**2 * ; \ n**3

  10. Branching and Looping in WHYP • IF…ELSE…THEN • FOR…NEXT • BEGIN…AGAIN • BEGIN…UNTIL • BEGIN…WHILE…REPEAT

  11. IF…ELSE…THEN <cond> IF <true statements> ELSE <false statements> THEN <cond> is either TRUE (-1) or FALSE (0)

  12. WHYP Conditional Words < ( n1 n2 -- f ) (“less-than”) > ( n1 n2 -- f ) (“greater-than”) = ( n1 n2 -- f ) (“equals”) <> ( n1 n2 -- f ) (“not-equals”) <= ( n1 n2 -- f ) (“less-than or equal”) >= ( n1 n2 -- f ) (“greater-than or equal”) 0< ( n -- f) (“zero-less”) 0> ( n -- f) (“zero-greater”) 0= ( n -- f) (“zero-equal”) U< ( u1 u2 -- f ) (“U-less-than”) U> ( u1 u2 -- f ) (“U-greater-than”) U<= ( u1 u2 -- f ) (“U-less-than or equal”) U>= ( u1 u2 -- f ) (“U-greater-than or equal”)

  13. FOR…NEXT Loop n FOR <WHYP statements> NEXT >R drjne <WHYP statements> Decrement top of return stack and branch back to <WHYP statements> if not equal to zero. Therefore, <WHYP statements> are executed n times.

  14. BEGIN…AGAIN BEGIN <WHYP statements> AGAIN

  15. BEGIN…UNTIL BEGIN <WHYP statements> <flag> UNTIL <flag> is either TRUE or FALSE usually from some WHYP conditional word

  16. BEGIN…WHILE…REPEAT BEGIN <words> <flag> WHILE <words> REPEAT

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