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The 2nd Workshop on Air Quality Modeling Challenges

The 2nd Workshop on Air Quality Modeling Challenges Chemical Composition of Aerosols in the VMAP Network over Japan during the ACE-Asia Field Campaign 2001: What we need from modeling studies Mitsuo Uematsu ⁄¤‹› Center for International Cooperation Ocean Research Institute

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The 2nd Workshop on Air Quality Modeling Challenges

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  1. The 2nd Workshop on Air Quality Modeling Challenges Chemical Composition of Aerosols in the VMAP Network over Japan during the ACE-Asia Field Campaign 2001: What we need from modeling studies Mitsuo Uematsu ⁄¤‹› Center for International Cooperation Ocean Research Institute University of Tokyo Nakano, Tokyo Japan At Tsukuba Convention Center Epochal, Tsukuba, Japan 10 March 2003 VMAP

  2. Biomass Burning Region with High Marine Productivity Asian Dust Storm With Anthropogenic substances Biomass Burning Volcanic Plume From Miyake Is. Western North Pacific Region SeaWiFS image (19 March 2002)

  3. Rishiri 45.12˚N, 141.20˚E Sado 38.25˚N, 138.40˚E Hachijo 33.15˚N, 139.75˚E Chichi-jima 27.07˚N, 142.22˚E

  4. VMAP Ground Measurement Network ･Determine the latitudinal (along the 140˚E line) and the seasonal variability of chemical composition of aerosol from the Asian continent to the western North Pacific region. ･Determine the interaction among natural aerosols, anthropogenic aerosols and gasses during transport over the marginal seas and the western North Pacific region. ･Reproduce the observation data by a regional chemical transport model (CFORS). Then estimate the outflow fluxes to eastward (AQPMS).

  5. Instruments information Sado ● ●(2001.11-) ●(2001.11-) △ ● △ △ Hachijo ● ● ● ○ ○ ○ ● ● ○ ● ● Chichi-jima ● ● ● ○ ○ ● ○ ○ △ ● Rishiri ● ● ● ● ○ ○ ○ △ ● Measurements Aerosol PM2.5 OC/EC Fine &Coarse Major Ions Fine &Coarse Trace Elements Bulk Organic Compounds Black Carbon Aerosol Number Concentration Ozone CO SO2 Radon Particle Mass PM2.5 or 10 TEOM Weather Condition (Temp, Humid, Pres, Wind D&S, Ppt) ● (in operation by ORI); ○ (by others); △ (from EANET)

  6. Present Status until June 2003 (1) Organic Carbon/Elemental Carbon (Series 5400 Ambient Carbon Particulate Monitor R&P Co. Inc.) (2) Number concentration of particles (KC-01, KC-18, Rion Co. Ltd.; TS-400 Hitachi Co.) (3) Mass concentration of particles (Series 1400 TEOM, R&P Co. Inc.) (4) Soluble ions and trace metals in particles (ACS21, AS9, Kimoto Electric Co Ltd.) (5) Black Carbon (Aethalometer, Magee Scientific Co.) (6) Ozone (Model1150, Dylec, Inc.) (7) Sulfur dioxide (SA-631, Kimoto Electric Co Ltd.) (8) Radon (Spectrum Analyzer) (9) Dimethylsulfide (GC with cryo-trap system) (10) Meteorological data

  7. air Filter To pump HVDVI( High Volume Dichotomous Virtual Impactor)

  8. Ambient Carbon Particulate Monitor Flow Schematic With or without Denuder Particulate Org. C or Reactive Org. C

  9. Urban Aerosol in Tokyo Teflon Filter Teflon Filter Whatman 41 Filter Whatman 41 Filter Coarse Particles Fine Particles

  10. Co-variation of EC Concentration in the Spring of 2001

  11. Uno et al., in press, JGR

  12. Effect of Biomass Burning Assuming nss-SO42- from biomass burning is negligible compared with fossil fuel combusion [EC]measured = [EC]fossil + [EC]biomass [EC]fossil = [EC/ nss-SO42- ] Episode 1, 2, 4 x [nss-SO42- ]measured [EC]biomass = [EC]measured - [EC]fossil 58-71% of OC and 66-76% of EC are contributed by biomass burning during Episodes at Rishiri

  13. Carbonaceous Aerosol Concetrations in the VMAP Network Through One Year From 2001 Rishiri Sado Hachijo Chichi-jima 4/1 6/1 8/1 10/1 12/1 2/1 4/1

  14. Co-variation of EC Concentration in the Summer of 2001

  15. Al and nss-Ca Concentration in the VMAP Network Rishiri 〔R1〕 〔R5〕 Coarse Al 〔R4〕 〔R3〕 〔R2〕 〔H1〕 Hachijo Coarse nss-Ca Al Conc. [μg/m3] nss-Ca Conc. [μg/m3] Chichi-jima

  16. Size Distribution and Variability of Enrichment Factor at Rishiri Enrichment Factors Coarse Fe AlCoarse/AlTotal

  17. Comparison of Enrichment Factors of Ca in the Sources and Aerosols at Rishiri an Hachijo （〔R1〕除く） （〔H1〕除く） Takla Makan-Gobi [Kanamori et al., 1991] Ocher Plateau

  18. Atmospheric Al Concentration over East Asia Beijing Takla Makan XiAn Hong Kong Singapore [Makra et al., 2002] [Yin et al., 2003] [Zhang et al., 2002] [Ho et al., 2003] [Orlic et al., 1999]

  19. Atmospheric Al Concentration Around Japan Results of VMAP observations [Tsunogai et al., 1985] spring period 1981 and 1982

  20. The 2002 IOC Western Pacific Cruise

  21. Over the North Pacific [Uematsu et al.,1983]

  22. Event 1: May 4~8 Event 2: May 12~14 Event 3: May 17~19

  23. May 16-17 2002

  24. Aluminum and Nitrate

  25. Aluminum and Sulfate

  26. Average Concentrations of Each Event

  27. Midway Is. Prospero et al., J. G. R. (2002)

  28. SO4 Mineral MSA NO3

  29. Nat-SO4 Anth-SO4 NO3 NO3 background conc. =0.20µg m-3 Anth-SO4 in Mar. With Dust. 65% of Total SO4 Nat-SO4 in May 75% of Total SO4

  30. Sakai, Osaka: (1986-1995): Ito and Mizohata (2000) nssSO4: From 4.0 to 5.6 µg m-3 (x 1.4) NO3: From 2.16 to 2.57 µg m-3 (x 1.2) Midway: (1981-1995): Prospero et al., (2002) Anthro SO4: From 0.24 to 0.65 µg m-3 (x 2.7) Total NO3: From 0.38 to 0.58 µg m-3 (x 1.5) Japan to Midway: nssSO4: 6%-12% remained at Midway NO3:18%-23%

  31. What we need from modeling studies •Identify new emission sources for aerosols •How to model sporadic events •Volcanic emission and its effects •Nitrate distribution and its deposition flux •Biogenic sulfur emission from sea surface •Long term trends of aerosol distribution •Reproduce rain events •Regional Models vs Global Models

  32. 地上天気図 Case1 Case2 ● ● ● ● ● ● 7/11 7/12 7/8 Case3 Case1 利尻島, 佐渡島 低濃度 Case2 利尻島, 佐渡島 高濃度 ● ● Case3 利尻島 低濃度 　　 佐渡島 高濃度　 ● ● 7/31 8/1

  33. 3.炭素質エアロソルの発生源 <利尻島> 50 SIB OKH PAC-JPN Latitude (ºN) 40 CHI 30 120 150 130 140 160 Longitude (ºE)

  34. 規格化濃度(N): N = (mi - Mi) / Mi(mi: 各セクターの成分iの平均濃度, Mi: 成分Iの平均濃度) 利尻島における輸送経路と濃度の関係 OC EC SIB CHI OKH PAC-JPN PAC-JPN SIB CHI OKH Particle Number O3 OKH SIB CHI PAC-JPN OKH SIB CHI PAC-JPN Trajectory Pathway Trajectory Pathway

  35. <八丈島> JPN 40 CHI-JPN PAC Latitude (ºN) 30 S-CHI 20 140 130 120 150 160 Longitude (ºE)

  36. 八丈島における輸送経路と濃度の関係 OC EC JPN PAC CHI-JPN JPN PAC CHI-JPN Particle Number O3 JPN PAC CHI-JPN JPN CHI-JPN PAC Trajectory Pathway Trajectory Pathway

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