What’s in Your Woodpile?

1. What’s in Your Woodpile? Gary Johnson & Angela Gupta University of Minnesota Extension

3. Firewood Regulations • There are restrictions on regulated articles due to the Emerald Ash Borer (EAB) quarantine • Hardwood (non-coniferous) firewood is a regulated article • Regulated articles cannot be moved out of quarantined areas unless accompanied by a Minnesota Department of Agriculture (MDA) certificate

4. Firewood Regulations Quarantined Counties

5. Firewood Regulations Quarantined Counties

6. Firewood Regulations • MDA certificates require an active compliance agreement with the MDA or USDA • Under the conditions of a compliance agreement, certificates may be issued for firewood that has been heat treated to specific temperatures in a kiln to render it safe • MDA certified firewood is allowed to move freely around the state

7. DNR-approved Firewood Required on State- Owned Land • DNR lands have additional firewood regulations. Regardless of any quarantines, firewood must be either: • Obtained from a firewood distribution facility on State-owned land, or • Obtained from a firewood dealer approved by the DNR commissioner (with receipt)

9. Softwood versus Hardwood Resin Canals Softwoods have Tracheids (fibers), No Vessels (pores). Many have Resin Canals.

10. Softwoods versus Hardwoods Pores Hardwoods have Fibers and Pores

11. Ring Porous versus Diffuse Porous • Large Pores in Earlywood and Small Pores in Latewood = Ring Porous Hardwood Large, obvious lines are Earlywood. Smaller,darker heartwood or lighter sapwood lines are Latewood.

12. Ring Porous Wood: Black Ash

13. Ring Porous Wood: Bur Oak

14. Ring Porous Wood: American Elm

15. Semi Ring Porous: Black Walnut

16. Ring Porous versus Diffuse Porous Pores about same size and distributed evenly throughout growth ring = Diffuse Porous.

17. Diffuse Porous Wood: Basswood

18. Diffuse Porous Wood: Boxelder

19. Diffuse Porous Wood: Big Toothed Aspen

20. “Other” Features: Elm Bark Cross-Section Layered Bark of American and Rock Elm

21. “Other” Features: Long-Grain of Elm

22. “Other” Features of Oak: Rays Rays

23. Versus, No Rays in Ash Cracks or Checks, but not Rays

24. “Other” Features: Elm and Hackberry Both Have Wavy (tiretrack) summerwood

25. “Other” Features: Elm and Hackberry Hackberry has Corky Ridges on Bark, no Layered Cross-Section

26. “Other” Features: Red vs. White Oak Sodium Nitrite turns White Oak Heart Wood Blue to Purple

27. “Other” Features: Black Walnut Medium brown to dark chocolate heartwood.

28. Let’s Quiz the Log Splitter!

29. Which log is hardwood?

30. Which log is hardwood? • Log on the left • Log on the right 0 of 30

31. What is this?

32. What is this? • Oak • Ash • Walnut • It’s hardwood; that’s all I need to know. • I don’t know. 0 of 30

33. What is this?

34. What is this? • Maple • Oak • Walnut • Pine • Don’t know. 0 of 30

35. What is It?

36. What is it? Hackberry Chokecherry Crabapple River Birch Chokeberry 0 of 30

37. What is It?

38. What is it? • Birch • Cottonwood • Big-Toothed Aspen • Silver Maple • Black Cherry 0 of 30

39. What is It?

40. What is it? Black Walnut Buckthorn Bur Oak Boxelder Ironwood 0of 30

41. What is It?

42. What is it? White Oak Hickory Hackberry Winged Euonymus Bur Oak 0 of 30

43. What is It?

44. What Is It? • Cottonwood • Green Ash • Hackberry • Elm • Linden 0 of 30

45. What is It?

46. What is it? • Elm • Boxelder • Silver Maple • Ironwood • Linden 0 of 30

47. What is It?

48. What is it? Black Pine Black Cherry Austrian Pine Douglas Fir White Cedar 0 of 30

49. What is It?

50. What is it? White Cedar Sugar Maple Ponderosa Pine Black Cherry Douglas Fir 0 of 30