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Male Reproductive System Anatomy & Function - Complete Guide

Explore the intricate anatomy and functions of the male reproductive system, including testes, semen production, ejaculation, and hormonal control of spermatogenesis. Learn about the structures like the penis, scrotum, gonads, and accessory glands in detail.

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Male Reproductive System Anatomy & Function - Complete Guide

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  1. Reproductive System

  2. Meiosis Where does meiosis occur? Where does mitosis occur? What is the difference between them?

  3. Meiosis Where does meiosis occur? Gonads Where does mitosis occur? Somatic Cells What is the difference between them? Mitosis is diploid and meiosis is haploid

  4. Difference between Meiosis and Mitosis

  5. Meiosis I Interphase Prophase I Metaphase I Anaphase I Telephase I

  6. Meiosis II Prophase II Metaphase II Anaphase II Telephase II

  7. Male Reproductive System

  8. Human reproduction involves intricate anatomy and complex behavior Reproductive Anatomy of the Human Male. • External: - penis - scrotum • Internal: - gonads - accessory sex glands and ducts.

  9. Male Reproductive System

  10. Testes

  11. Male Reproductive System

  12. Male Reproductive System

  13. External structure of the penis: • glans penis • prepuce (foreskin) • There is no verifiable health benefit to circumcision.

  14. sutures shaft corona foreskin glans penis urethral opening Circumcision

  15. The penis is composed of three layers of spongy erectile tissue. • During sexual arousal the erectile tissue fills with blood from arteries. • The resultant increased pressure seals off the veins that drain the penis. • The engorgement of the penis with blood causes an erection. urethra

  16. Testes are the male gonads. • seminiferous tubules- form sperm • Leydig cells (interstitial cells)- produce androgens (ex. Testosterone, ABP).

  17. Testes are located in the scrotum, outside the body cavity. • This keeps testicular temperature cooler than the body cavity. • The testes develop in the body cavity and descend into the scrotum just before birth.

  18. Sperm Pathway Membranous urethra Prostatic urethra

  19. Semen • Seminal fluid is thick, yellowish, and alkaline. • It contains mucus, fructose, a coagulating enzyme, ascorbic acid, and prostaglandins. • Accessory glands: • seminal vesicle • prostate gland • bulbourethral gland

  20. Seminal vesicle: • A pair of glands that secrete a liquid component of semen into the vas deferens. • Secretion is alkaline • Contains fructose, asorbic acid, coagulating enzyme, prostaglandin Seminal Vesicle

  21. Prostate gland: • Location- surrounds and opens into the urethra where it leaves the bladder. • Secretion- slightly alkaline fluid that activates the sperm and prevents them from sticking together • Prostate problems are common in males over 40. • Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in men. Prostate

  22. Bulbourethral gland (Cowper’s gland): • Location- paired glands that lie beneath the prostate • Secretion- a thick, clear alkaline mucous that drains into the membranous urethra. • Function- It acts to wash residual urine out of the urethra when ejaculating semen-- raises pH; neutralizes acidity of urine. Bulbourethral gland

  23. Ejaculation • Ejaculation propels sperm from the epididymis to the vas deferens. • The vas deferens run from the scrotum and behind the urinary bladder. • Here each vas deferens joins with a duct from the seminal vesicle to form an ejaculatory duct. • The ejaculatory ducts open into the urethra. • The urethra drains both the excretory and reproductive systems.

  24. Ejaculate • A male usually ejaculates about 2 – 5 mL of semen; each milliliter containing about 50 – 130 million sperm. • Bulbourethral fluid also carries some sperm released before ejaculation. • This is one of the reasons why the withdrawal method of birth control has a high failure rate.

  25. Spermatogenesis

  26. Mature Spermatozoa acrosome head nucleus tail mitochondria

  27. Seminiferous Tubules

  28. Seminiferous Tubules Spermatids Spermatozoa Sertoli/ sustenacular cell 2º spermatocyte 1º spermatocyte spermatogonium Interstitial cells

  29. Cell Types • Interstitial Cells (Leydig Cells) produce testosterone • Sertoli (Sustenacular) nurse cells help to promote spermatogenesis

  30. Sperm Maturation & Development

  31. Hormones Involved in Spermatogenesis • Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) • Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) • Interstitial Cell Stimulating Hormone (ICSH=LH) • Testosterone • Inhibin • ABP

  32. Hormones involved with spermatogenesis GnRH Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone • Secreted from the hypothalamus • Stimulates the secretion of FSH & LH

  33. Hormones involved with spermatogenesis FSH Follicle Stimulating Hormone • Stimulates the secretion of ABP by the Sertoli cells(androgen binding protein) ABP keeps testosterone levels high in the area of spermatogenesis

  34. Sperm Maturation & Development

  35. Hormones involved with spermatogenesis LH ( Luteinizing Hormone) • Binds to the interstitial cells of the testes stimulating testosterone release.

  36. Hormones involved with spermatogenesis Inhibin is a protein hormone that serves as a barometer of spermatogenesis. If the rate is to high, it is secreted and inhibits FSH. If the count is to low (20 million/ml), its secretion drops

  37. Hormonal Control of Spermatogenesis Hypothalamus GnRH Anterior Pituitary ICSH FSH

  38. Hormonal Control of Spermatogenesis ICSH Interstitial Cells Testosterone

  39. Hormonal Control of Spermatogenesis FSH Testosterone Sertoli Cells Inhibin Spermatogenesis

  40. Hormonal Control of Spermatogenesis Feedback Inhibition Inhibin Acts on anterior pituitary Inhibits FSH production Testosterone Acts on hypothalamus Inhibits GnRH production

  41. Some Other Effects of Testosterone • muscle and bone growth • facial and pubic hair growth • thickening of vocal cords • growth of pharyngeal cartilage • hair follicle effects • stimulates sebaceous glands • Increased BMR

  42. Female Reproductive System

  43. Female Reproductive System uterine tube Ovary uterus cervix Bladder vagina clitoris urethra l. majora l. minora

  44. Internal reproductive: • Vagina • Cervix • Fallopian tube (uterian tube/oviducts) • Fimbrae • Ovary • Uterus • Endometrium • Myometrium • Perimetrium uterus uterine tube ovary endometrium fimbriae myometrium perimetrium cervix vagina

  45. Vagina • Is about 8 to 10 cm long • It extends from the exterior to the cervix • It is the female copulatory organ

  46. Cervix • This is a narrow neck and is the outlet of the uterus into the vagina • This is call the external os • The glands of the cervix lubricate the vagina and can block the entry of sperm unless it is at mid cycle

  47. Uterus Its function is to receive, retain and nourish ta fertilized ovum. The non pregnant human female uterus is the size of an inverted pear.

  48. Uterus The rounded region superior to the entrance of the fallopian tubes is the fundus. The portion between the fundus and the cervix is the body.

  49. Uterus The uterus has three layers: • Endometrium: mucosal lining of columnar epithelium

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